Accounting case study on BP p.l.c Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Accounting on BP p.l.c - Case Study precedenterating in any sport and oil industry sector and this diversification includes turnout and exploration, distributing and marketing, trading, power generation, refining, and petrochemicals (Bp.com, 2014). The lodge is further engaged in production of renewable sources of energy that include wind power and biofuels.The lodge boasts of intense operations in slightly more than eighty countries across the globe with a production of more than three million barrels daily with estimated reserves of approximately seventeen billion barrels. The fraternity has approximately twenty thousand seven hundred service stations globally with its largest front in America. The fraternitys success in financial terms is broad with notable investments in Rosneft, its itemization in the London Stock Exchange (LSE), and it is a member of the FTSE 10 index (Bp.com, 2014). The company has a high market capitalization in the London Stock Exchange, which is app roximately worth eighty fiver billion pounds with secondary listings in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FSE) (Bp.com, 2014). The company began its production efforts downstairs the tag British Petroleum in the Middle East from early 1954 (Franck & Huyghebaert, 2004).It is regarded as the first oil company to find exploits in North Sea. The company has undergone different transformations and challenges along the days in terms of changes in ownership to oil related disasters that have contributed to its success and loss of revenue. BP operates under different product lines with unlimited opportunities for growth. These products include mental strain BP, BP Target Neutral, BP Franchising, Fuelling cards, Asphalt and Bitumen, BP Biofuels, Motor lubricants and oil, Petrol/gas station locator, Gas/Petrol stations, Industrial lubricants, Liquefied Natural Gas, Gas and power energy, BP Crudes, NGL, MSDS, BP shipping, Petrochemicals, Marine Fuels, and Lub ricants (Bp.com, 2014).Air BP deals with a variety of

Education is an Essential for the Success of a Person Essay - 1

fosterage is an Essential for the Success of a Person - Essay subjectSome benefits of knowledge for the professional lifespan of a person include the increased number of telephone circuit opportunities, career evolution, good salary package, improvement in decision-making skills, opportunity to excel in professional life, and efficiency to raise opinions based on knowledge. There are various types of education, such as, school education, do drugs education and sex education, which play their roles in their relevant fields of life.Use of Illegal drugs has become a popular youth issue. Providing drug education to adults is the best way to control the use of misbranded drugs at the workplaces. Education and outreach are becoming major parts of establishing a more effective program to keep drug abuse out of the workplace (Oliver).Sex education also holds great importance in the life of a person. It helps society deal properly with m each critical issues, such as teen pregnancies and abortions. Educators raft make children aware of the consequences of doing different types of illegal sexual activities in order to stop them from doing any illegal sexual activity.School education brings a number of benefits to children. It not only helps them develop good personalities moreover also makes them progress in their professional lives. Education increases the confidence of children, which is one of the key success factors. Without confidence, a person cannot do anything properly in his/her life. A person gains confidence when he/she becomes aware of different social and political issues, and that awareness comes through education.Education also improves the decision-making skills of a person, which makes him/her take correct decisions regarding any matter of life.

English settlement in the Americas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English settlement in the Americas - Essay ExampleThe village had made Spain the wealthiest nation, during the later years of the 1500s. The inflow of the English was triggered by the fate to colonize and explore the Americas, after they saw that Spain was growing extremely rich during the sixteenth century (Benedict 1996). However, the colonization and the exploration style of Eng toss off was different from that of Portugal and Spain, as England privatized its exploration, through granting letters of Marquis and charters to the individuals that captured English colonies as frugal strongholds. This paper will explore the motives behind the breeding of English settlements in the Americas, both from the perspective of the settlers and decreed policy formulations (Starkey 1998). The motives included mercantilism, which is the economic outlook of integrating private and government efforts, towards fostering economic development. The aims of the dodge included managing all the compo nents of American trade, including transport, production and retailing under the control of England. ... There was as well the open of Protestantism, partly due to Henry VIIIs pursuit of getting a male child. by and by the death of Edward in 1553, Mary I took over, and she started killing Protestants, so that she could restore England to Catholicism. On one occasion, she commanded the murder of 300 Protestants for heresy, and had them burnt. During the time of fleeing England to avoid persecution, and after the reign of Elizabeth, the English settled in the Americas and in the make realized the goal of expanding their religious coverage (Spielvogel 2000). The English sought to expand the coverage of their religion, as at that place was the common view that Spanish Catholicism was evil. As a result, the attacks staged on Spanish ships by Sir Francis, while in the American waters were hailed as a heroic act, and not pirate activity. The wipeout of the Spanish armada paved way for the English explorers to colonize the Americas, which was also an effort to contain the spread of Catholicism. The development of English settlements in the Americas was also triggered by the population increase of the 1500s. During the time, England passed laws on enclosure, making all land private, which made it very difficult for commoners to feed their animals at public lands. The shift towards privatizing land resulted from the increase in the price of wool. As a result, land owners decided to stop the competition for provision of wool by increasing their farm lands and to increase their wealth through the trade. The shift increased wool production, but also led to an increase in the number of landless people, who has sustained their livelihood by grazing at public lands. Also, between 1530

Doing Business in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Doing Business in china - Research Paper ExampleThere is more than 1 billion population in China one sixth of the worlds population lives in China itself (Colson, 2013). More than 56 ethnic groups are recognized in China and 90 portion of the population is Hans Chinese but the group also consists of other ethnic groups like Zhuang, Yi Miao, Uighar Manchu and Dhong (Colson, 2013). Like whatsoever other countries shade the cultural values of China has altered slightly due to the impact of globalisation (Ward, Entrkin & Pearson, 2002).During the Chinese Cultural Revolution in the Peoples Republic of China the orthodox Chinese Confucianism was heavily criticized on several grounds. After the Cultural Revolution there was a slight adaption in the Chinese value system and even culture dominated cities like Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong witnessed appreciable amount of changes (Yau, 2007). The Chinese culture is largely influenced by the social interactions and interpersonal relatio nships between the individuals in the corporation. The Chinese style is spoken by more than 85 percent of the population and is considered as one of the toughest language of the world. The language is also called Putonghua and is also claimed as the countrys national and official language (Kane, 2006). ... China Individual or Collectivist? It is observed that the Chinese society is a high schoolly collectivist culture where the interest of the team are given more importance than the priority of the individual. It is not necessary that in a family oriented business there would be preferential treatment towards the family members. The workers would prefer functional on a holiday or a public holiday to meet the deadlines of the work. The commitment towards the organization is high than the employee interest and goals (Duel, 2012).The relationships of employees within the group are warm and cooperative while the relationship with other groups is foreign and cold. The Chinese employ ees believe in cooperating with each other for delivery of excellent performance (Pang, Roberts & Sutton, 1998). For example the MG6 was the starting signal automobile designed by Shanghai Automotive Corporation in UK. The success of the car was whole contributed to the effective teamwork between the Chinese employees. If a western organization wishes to collaborate with the Chinese department past they should lay emphasis on communicating the ideas and process to the Chinese employees with patience and clarity for successful performance (Xiaoming, 2011). China High or Low Power Distance? The power distance lays emphasis on the impact of the influence of the culture within a society or an organization (SagePub, 2006). It is observed that the individuals working in the society and the employees working in the organization are not treated as equal. The Chinese Society maintains a rank system and follows the hierarchy stringently. The Chinese society believes that the inequalities p revalent in the society are

War Powers Resolution In Libyan Case Research Paper

War Powers Resolution In Libyan Case - Research Paper utilisationThe sexual relation in like manner has the power to affect the public opinion. Still, suffice is different from theory. In pattern, the US Congress has little power to influence the presidents decisions. Moreover, despite President Obamas statements, the US actions in Libya constituted a war. Whether the US went to war against Libya is still a much contested issue. The administration neer made any formal declaration. According to the Independent complaisant Society Report (2011, p.19), the US active in an international armed conflict against Libya, together with other NATO member countries. Though divided on this topic, many members of Congress and experts viewed the US intervention in Libya as constituting a war. However, most experts still concur that the US engagement in Libya did not fall under the War Powers Resolution and the Constitution. They referred to previous practice of interventions on behalf of t he US presidents. The President did not act against the power and authority of the Congress. Most experts agreed that hostilities were hold in Libya, but that the Presidents actions were neither unconstitutional, nor in violation of the War Powers Resolution. The President circumvented Congress. Congress, on the other hand, was left quite powerless since the intervention was funded independently of the Congressional decisions. Thus, this paper will also depict how the President circumvented the War Powers Resolution. Statements by experts such as Ackerman, Hathaway and Fisher will be consulted to submit how theoretically, President Obama violated the resolution. Spiro and Koh will be used, together with the Office of Legal Counsel to depict how practice has made Presidents actions legal. Background of the Libyan Conflict Five years after a brutal crackdown on a public protest in Benghazi, the Libyan authorities witnessed their own demise. any year since then, on 12 February Libya ns commemorated the Day of Rage (Amnesty world(prenominal) 2011, p.7). Fearing the spillover effects of neighboring revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt, activists and writers were ar emited preliminary to the demonstration. However, instead of preventing the disaster, the authorities infuriated the general population. Academics, commoners and businessmen all joined in their outcry for justice and end to an abusive, forty year old rule by Colonel al-Gaddafi (Amnesty International 2011, p.7). Protests spread from eastern Libya to the rest of the country and became violent. By the end of February, eastern Libya and parts of the Nafusa Mountain and Misratah were under the control of the opposition (Amnesty International 2011, p.7). By 19 or 20 February, armed conflict spread across the country (Independent Civil Society 2012, p.11). Shelling of the opposition held cities and disappearances of journalists and intellectuals intensified

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Logistics - Essay ExampleIt would greatly facilitate in reducing the logistic costs. Indeed, in the current environment of recessive environment, forging alliance vis-a-vis for victimisation commonplace shipment of goods makes sense because it would not only cut cost of logistics but it would also swear out companies to expand their business interests across geographical boundaries. Developing relationship based on transportation logistics would be the practical solution for small and medium businesses who are hit hard by recession and revolt oil prices. The low cost goods could still be sold at premium in coupled States through such innovative business approach. Outsourcing of manufacturing goods could only be successful if the logistic costs proceed stable. But as it is not possible in the current times, business relation that encourages the use of common shipment procedure amongst different business groups would be a credible alternative to restrain go up cost of transporta tion logistics. (words 253)

Interview Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview Assignment - endeavor ExampleJon Stewart continued to make jokes and made a lot of hand movements and generally got on well(p) with Robert Downey Jr.Jon Stewart is a very experienced interviewer and knew when to interject at the right moments. He utilize piles of facial expressions and hand movements. Sometimes he even leaned in closer to Robert Downey Jr., and this shows how relaxed he was during the interview.John Stewart enjoymentd a variety of questions, but most of them were afford in order to allow Robert Downey Jr. the befall to explain himself. One example was What countries are most wacked out about this? This was a very open question and allowed Robert Downey Jr. the ability to list a number of different countries.Describe the interviewers antenna to the soundbox of the interview. Did they use a highly scheduled/structured, moderately scheduled/structured or non-scheduled/non-structured body? See Chapter 8 textbookThe interviewers approach to the intervie wer was very close to a non-scheduled or non-structured body. John Stewart did put up a piece of paper in front of him probably with a list of questions, but close to of the questions were getting away from the main topic of the conversation.Conan OBrien began in a moderately formal manner, although he did call attention how gorgeous Lauren Cohan was. He then goes on to congratulate Lauren Cohan for the success of the show The Walking Dead, and this sets up a positive tone for the rest of the interview.Conan OBrien used quite a lot of body language when speaking, and sometimes he would even turn to the studio audience and put his arms outstretched looking for a reaction. Other times Conan OBrien would use his hands to express a point or help in asking a question.Lauren Cohan did not use much body language, but perhaps this is due to her spirit type. Also, if she had been standing up then I am sure that she would have had more room to use her hands more when

Review of the Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Review of the lit - Essay ExampleResearch Elements To demonstrate the content of the research, the researcher used quantitative research methodology. The marrow of the patients undertaking the PD course of instruction that had completed 2 to 3 training lessons prior to placement on the catheter. Outcome(s) From the study, it was discovered that out of the 90 patients that were treated for three months, most of them benefited from continuous education (Barone et al., 2011). Signifi posteriorce to care for and Patient Care This study is useful since it explains that in as much the training programs were varied, the outcomes of the patients undergoing PD alter since a good number learn the different aspects of how to change an individuals treatment programSummary of Article In this work, Bernardini (2010) explains that Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) was regarded as a common infection for patients in the date of reference of continuous ambulatory PD. However, it was extremely challenging to get the best treatment for peritonitis as healthful as determine the risk factors for peritonitis and how to prevent the same. Research Elements Qualitative research methodology was used. To settle the content of the research, author used literature review to assess the level of infection of the patients from the 1970s and mid-eighties once in 6-12 months in an effort to assess the possibility of infection among these patients (Bernardini, 2010). Through repetitive tasks much(prenominal) as use of the catheter led to the patients adhere to the different connection procedures. Outcome(s) It was found out that the PD nurses can easily train patients on the principles of adult education thus, inculcate them with skills that allow for evidence based figure and ultimately minimizing the risks of peritonitis through redirecting behavior among the patients. Significance to Nursing and Patient Care This study is

Global Exploration and Global Empires 1500-1700 Essay

Global Exploration and Global Empires 1500-1700 - Essay manakinDuring this time, the Portuguese and the Spanish begun to explore the European oversees (Annenberg Media, 2007). This exploration aimed at the Atlantic Ocean and Western Mediterranean instead of the East as it was common in the past exploration. The reasons presented in this essay motivated the exploration by the Portuguese and the Spanish during this time (Abernethy, 2007). Economic factors The first motive was that the financial system in Europe- towards the end of the 15th century- was growing and carrying out well. It is recorded that in case the financial system of a nation is flourishing, it aims at importing and exporting its goods. They needed refreshful foodstuffs to market their commodities. Italian traders had dominated the market with the East, therefore Europeans, particularly the Portuguese started to abandon the Mediterranean and attempted to enter the Atlantic (McDowell, 1992). There was a shortage of s ilver in Europe and they had no possibility for a natural supply. They discovered that larger-than-life quantities of sumptuous were in Africa, though they were not amused with the current system whereby they purchased gold from Northern Africa (Abernethy, 2007). The gold went through numerous distributors before getting to the Arabs (Abernethy, 2007). ... trading positions in Africa and finally sailed from place to place in Africa and started trading positions in Southern Arabia and India (Abernethy, 2007). Geographical factors The first moved during the exploration involved their tactical geographic setting, which offered an effortless entrance to the south towards Africa or the west towards the Americans. Another, possibly important, influence for these explorers leading opinion in their exploration was the eras purchase and use of old Arabic information and knowledge in maths, geography and astronomy (Abernethy, 2007). This period of exploration introduced the communities of Europe to the presence of new philosophies across the globe (Abernethy, 2007). Before this era, the Europeans had sufficiency details of the individuals and locations beyond the limitations of Europe, mainly Asia and Africa. Before the innovation and invention of the Americas, the Europeans were not aware of other existence. Europeans simulated that the world was small than it was in reality (Abernethy, 2007). This motivated the initial pi unmatcheders like Magellan and Columbus to believe that discovering new paths to the East was going to be easier than the way they discovered it (Overy, 2004). Philosophical misconceptions around natural features and the beliefs of local populaces would diversify gradually through the initial centuries of these exploration (Abernethy, 2007). By the 16th century, European plans started to increase their representations and accounts to incorporate new physical discoveries (Abernethy, 2007). However, because of the powerful political conflicts tak ing place during the time, European nations protected their geographic findings and data from one another (Abernethy, 2007). Therefore, we can say that, though the need to

Consultancy project (Newspaper),Report style Essay

Consultancy project (Newspaper),Report style - attempt ExampleMany papers are sponsored by local governments who easily influence content. It may in like manner be argued that there is considerable diversion to online sources for news.Nearly all of the print versions of papers, now allow weave versions. Most of the graphic elements from the print versions have been adapted to the computer screen, making print and online versions consistent and recognizable. Complicating the merge is the presence of foreign expression newspapers, particularly those written in English. Some are English language versions of Russian papers, while others such as The St. Petersburg Times, Moscow Times and Neva News, are exclusively written and create for an English speaking readership. In St. Petersburg, there are no English language TV carry or radio stations, so it is assumed that these newspapers play an important role in the expatriate fellowship as a news source.Quality of newspaper design var ies widely. Some designs are surprisingly attractive, maybe due to competition for readers limited attention span. Much of the style differences can be correlated to the partition of the newspaper market and the enormous differences in taste among newspapers target audiences. Newspapers were all originally communist party, or state owned mass media tools and typically ran stories about meetings of Party officials and anti-western propaganda during the Soviet period. Now, many of these papers have evolved into publicly consumable tabloids addressing everyday mundane Russian life. Stories are heavily weighted with scandal, public depravity exposes, and entertainment. Pravdas readership was originally over 13 million during the height of the Soviet Union, but then suffered in the bit Soviet collapse and eventually closed down. It has been reborn threefold, and there is an ensuing struggle to legally notice ownership of the once famous name, now claimed by three different

A project for potential implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

A jump out for potential implementation - Essay Exampleper elderly person, the increasing demands can be met only by increasing productivity in health sector, relying more on immigrant health workers, or attracting a larger sh atomic number 18 of American workers to careers in health care. (Davis, Karen. 12). Further, in the Fact Sheet of HRSA Nursing Workforce and education Programs for FY 2007 Appropriations, the Department of Labor reported that Americas demand for RNs will grow 29 per cent between 2004 and 2014 (HRSA.2).During the last five years of my tenure as Human Resources Manager (HRM) in this infirmary I have always been confronted with a major concern of not being satisfactory to bring up sufficient number of health care professionals, especially RNs. I excessively want to draw the guardianship of the senior management to the fact that we have recently conducted a drive to recruit 50 nurses against or so existing and anticipated vacancies. However, we have been a ble to earmark only 30 candidates even after exhaust all the channels. This is creating a major impediment in our expansion plan which is scheduled for the second one-half of next year. Under the present circumstances it is unlikely that our HR Department will be able to identify and enlist sufficient number of RNs from the domestic market.From past experience, and an evaluation of relevant dossiers, I meet that nurses from India who constitute about 15% of RNs in this hospital, are very committed, well mannered, and reasonably educated. They are also found to have been consistent in delivering results as emerging through a review of their headstone Performance Indicators (KPIs). So, India will be a potential source for recruiting the workforce in this category. However, a backwardness arises from the fact that due to the lack of training and orientation facilities, a vast majority of Indian nurses are unable to qualify tests like CGFNS, NCLEX, and IELTS, which are prerequisites for recruitment to US hospitals. In this connection, I have had several(prenominal) rounds of

Conduct Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conduct Business - Essay ExampleOne disciplinal action for lateness is wage deduction, unless one is taken ill, in which case, the employer should follow the law in giving spew pay. Since many employees have at one time struggled with punctuality issues at the workplace, employers often encounter excuses for lateness such(prenominal)(prenominal) as excessive traffic, car breakdown, and alarm failure. Although an occasional lateness is forgivable, repeated cases call for disciplinary actions so that lateness may be curtailed.The first step to curbing lateness is by issuing staffs with work schedules in advance season keeping a master copy of the schedule for verification. Second, employees should be reminded of the importance of keeping time, be listened to and pass judgment fairly in case of lateness. In case of repeated lateness, a conference in which a calm and problem-solving approach is used is highly recommended between managers and employees. In fact, an employees schedule may be changed if the reason for lateness is genuine (Mooney, 2012). In these conferences where solutions to tardiness are sought, the negative impacts of tardiness not only on their professional lives merely also their personal growth and development should be explained to employees. Increased productivity, morale, and job satisfaction are among the benefits of determination solution to workplace lateness. In fact, working together with employees in solving lateness related issues is a quite feasible method as all parties feel fairly represented and appraised, implying that whatever the outcome of such joint efforts are inclusive and everyone feels part of the deliberations (Mooney,

Importance of Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Importance of possible action - Essay ExampleSome apply theories are broad while others are narrow. What is the difference between broad and narrow theories? The difference is that for narrow theories, they have a narrow range, are more echt and practical. While for broad theories, they are termed as grand theories. Based on narrow theories, there is the mediate range theory. The middle range theory may be used to refer to narrow theories in particular (Davies, 2005). This paper specifically looks at the transition theory. Section one of this paper has an evaluation of the magnificence of nurse theory, broadly to nurse practice. Section two summarizes the main concepts and relationships of the chosen nursing theory. The third divide avails a discussion of how the chosen nursing theory views nursing leadership, nursing education, nursing informatics or health policy along with 2 real life examples. The final section is the conclusion, whereby the ideas and comprehensions o n nursing theory learned from writing this paper are shared.Nursing theories are vital in nursing practice for various reasons that are not limited to those stated in this paper. As noted earlier, nursing theories avail a structure for critical thinking through which situations encountered in the nursing practice are evaluated. Each day in the nursing practice comes with new experiences. As these new experiences are met, nursing theories provide the structures for preparation, examination, and making decisions. Decision making is one of the most important aspects of nursing practice. A nurse must be accountable for every decision that he or she makes during practice. Nursing theories avail the fabric for communication. Communication is key in nursing practice as it enables passing of vital information. Nursing theories serve communication among nurses and with other health professionals through the framework. Nursing as a discipline is faced by numerous beliefs, aims, and values. What nursing theories do is

Business Analysis of the Film and Its Production Movie Review

Business Analysis of the Film and Its Production - Movie Review ExampleThe require was in production for nine calendar months, from November of 2009 until August 2010. It entered postproduction status at the beginning of September 2010, where it remained until a month prior to its release, which was on December 24, 2010 in America and January 7, 2011 in the joined queen regnantdom. The budget of The Kings Speech was $14,401,000 (ten million in European Euros), which is considered to be a low budget direct. The film immaculate precisely on this budget. As a historical drama, the majority of the budget went to the location and the set design, since the film takes place in 1925, depression-era London. The next greatest portion of the budget went to the salaries of the leading actors, followed by the purchase of a Arricam studio camera with a 14 mm T1.3 Zeiss Master Prime lens, which is a special, albeit expensive, camera that would result the director to experiment with new shots that would play up on the emotions of the characters. There was only a month or ii delay from the prison term the film was finished until it was released in theaters in the United States. The footing for this delay, as is the case with all films, is to ensure that if particular(a) shots needed to be filmed, they could be done so without risking going over the deadline of the film. It is uncommon that the delay period is as short as just a couple of months, but since the film was a historical piece and required very little of extra actors, the production company of The Kings Speech was able to pull it off with no problems. diffusion The companies that were in charge for distributing The Kings Speech were Australias branch of Paramount Pictures, The Weinstein Company of the United States, and Momentum Pictures in the United Kingdom. During its first week of release, The Kings Speech brought in $355,450 in the quartet theaters that released it in the United States after this, the film was released to seven hundred more theaters throughout the States, though by the beginning of the New Year, it had been to released to a total of 1,543 screens. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, The Kings Speech earned $5,081,824 from 395 theaters in its first weekend. In Australia, the film made approximately $6,614,615 during its first two weeks. Globally, from the time the film was released until the present, The Kings Speech has earned $374,943,967 in gross revenue. Since The Kings Speech was filmed in Britain, and intended to solely be a British film, only four theaters in the United States saw its release. However, the results of these previews prompted distributors to release in an superfluous 696 theaters. By January 2011, roughly around the time when the film was released in the United Kingdom, the demand was high for the United States, and so the film was further released into an additional 843 screens. The release was gradual, adding more theaters as the demand fo r the film grew, which is a common occurrence among independent films. The Kings Speechs distribution overseas was just as successful as the interior(prenominal) distribution. As the film was based and shot in London, the United Kingdom was always intended to be a part of the release. Furthermore, since one of the lead actors and a producer (Geoffrey Rush) is originally from Australia, the country also play a vital role in the overseas distribution. In revenue, The Kings Speech has get $130,000,000 overseas, a little less than half of what it has made in all. The King

Albatross Anchors part 3 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

mollymawk Anchors part 3 - Case Study ExampleBeing founded in 1976, Albatross Anchor operates as a family business in the USA. It was instigated by four people family members and currently performs with the hands of 130 employees. The company has been engaged with the manufacturing and merchant marine of anchors in the wholesale market of the nation and other next countries as well. Thus, the entire organizational process involves various phases which can be sorted as producing, storing or warehousing and shipping among others. With the intention of proposing the company to adopt changes, after taking certain beneficial strategic measures, the discussion henceforth will intend to address four challenges faced by Albatross in its current practices rendering recommendations to the identified issues. Furthermore, adhering to the changes recommended, the strategic selections will be justified along with a elaborate plan of implementing those strategies and a timeline through Gantt ch art.... It is in this context that the company take to witness challenges in call of legal barriers limiting the maximum weight to be shipped at a time. Owing to this particular reason, where on one hand the company needs to incur extra cost burden of transportation cost in case of railroads on the other hand, it had to witness hurdles in transporting through ocean routes as well where the products were entitled to be initially shipped through rail to the dock and then loaded on the ship, which incurred extra labor costs for shipping goods in the international market. Furthermore, due to the increasing complexities in the shipping procedure, the organization also had to face hurdles in managing the manpower effectively. Hence, it can be recommended that the company needs to reframe its administrative staff arrangement along with absorbing more manpower in its transportation process. Although sweet greater manpower shall prove to be a costly venture in the short-run, it shall prov e as highly beneficial in the long-run to gain enhanced sustainability and profitability minimizing the confusions arising in the shipment process. Again, as the company produces both domestic and international products incurring different production costs, it should intend to re-consider its pricing strategies which would neither hamper the interests of the wholesale customers, nor would inhibit the profit margin of the company (Rivers, 2012). Challenge 3 Quality caution In relation to quality management, the products which are produced by Albatross, i.e. bell anchors and snag hook anchors, follow diaphanous procedures or mechanisms and techniques. For instance, the bell anchors are

Aproaches to learning - Theories of learning styles and learning strategies Essay Example for Free

Aproaches to schooling Theories of culture styles and learning strategies EssayKolb (1984), in introducing the idea of the experiential learning bike and of learning styles, defines learning as the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of expertise. He suggests that ideas are non fixed notwithstanding are formed and modified through current and past bonks. His learning cps consists of quad stratums completing each stage is important to improve learning in the next stage Active Experimentation (The learner actively uses the theories formed and also tries them in new situations.The latter takes him grit to the start of the cycle. ) Concrete Experience (The learner is encouraged to become involved in new experiences. ) brooding Observation (The learner reflect on his experience from different perspective. Enough time and supportive feedback is facilitative in this stage. ) Abstract Conceptualisation (The learner forms ideas and logical the ories. ) Of course, not everyone acts in the same way, some favour considering all possible alternatives whilst others like trying out as much as possible.Hence, Kolb associated four learning styles with his learning cycle the Converger, who applies ideas in a practical way, the Accommodator, who carries out plans and tasks involving him in new experiences, the Diverger, who has good visual modality and ideas, and finally the Assimilator, who creates theoretical positions. Kolb also points out that learning styles are not fixed personality traits but relatively stable patterns of behaviour. Based on Kolbs model Honey and Mumford (1992) developed a similar model with new terms for Kolbs learning preferences (Honey and Mumford terms in brackets)Active Experimentation (Activist) Concrete Experience (Pragmatist) wistful Observation (Reflector) Abstract Conceptualisation (Theorist) harmonise to Honey and Mumford four learning styles can be wonderful the Activist, the Pragmatist, the Reflector, and the Theorist Activists strengths Acting quickly interested in actually doing things Putting ideas into action Activists weaknesses Lack of grooming and attention to detail Unlikely to consider many alternatives Pragmatists strengths Integrating theory and practice. Testing things out to necessitate correct solutions Pragmatists weaknesses Lack of imagination Impatient Not interested in concepts and theories Reflectors strengths Collecting data from modification of sources Reflecting on experiences Reflectors weaknesses Needs a lot of time before he is able to start detest precise instructions Theorists strengths Creating theoretical models Paying attention to detail and systematic analysis Theorists weaknesses Overcautious Relies on logic and usually does not trust feelings Needs a stated purpose.Honey and Mumford developed a Learning Styles Questionnaire to be used as a checklist to identify ones learning preference. Kolb states the combinat ion of all four learning forms produces the highest level of learning by allowing more powerful and adaptive forms of learning to emerge. But still, on that point is the danger of labelling people as theorists or pragmatists although most people exhibit more than one hard preference. To overcome this problem other theorists, e. g. Schmeck (1988) and Entwistle (1998), use the expression learning strategy which also includes personal traits.According to them people can not be labelled because they usually react flexibly on learning, depending on the expected outcome A student may read a book well-nigh the British history because he is actually interested in or because he needs to read it to good-by an exam. Either way involves learning, but in the second case the student is unlikely to take notes about facts he is interested in but those the tutor may ask. Bibliography Bendrey, M. et al (1996), Accounting and Finance in Business. London Continuum. Cottrell, S. (2003) The Study Skil ls Handbook.New York Palgrave Macmillian. Entwistle, N. (1998) Styles of Learning and Teaching. London David Fulton Publishers. Brown, R. and Hawksley, B. (1996) Learning skills, studying styles and profiling. Dinton Mark Allen Publishing. Honey, P. and Mumford, A. (1992) The manual of learning styles, Maidenhead Peter Honey Publications Ltd. Honey, P. and Mumford, A. (2000) The learning styles helpers guide. Maidenhead Peter Honey Publications Ltd. Kolb, D. A. (1984) Experiential learning experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice-Hall.

Psychological gambling Essay Example for Free

Psychological gaming Essay defraud Few studies gain explored the relationship mingled with swordplay and health status. Both compulsive and ghoulish gambling ar disorders related to obsession-compulsive disorder. The data supports the notion that gambling does affect with non-gambling health problems. The purpose of this article is to put up the information between gambling behaviors and substance use disorders, health associations, screening and treatment options for problem and pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is an addictive and stress proposing disorder.More research is needed to investigate directly the biological and health relations associated with the antithetic types of gambling behaviors and to define the role for doctors or therapists in the prevention and treatment of problem and pathological gambling. There are m whatever types of gambling that good deal indulge in straight off. pot of all told ages confound been seduced by gambling. Gambli ng is done every day, so as it continues to grow, so does the debt of the American bulk. Attractions such as online casinos with jackpots equivalent to ten years salary and simple sports booking, makes it to a greater extent common today than it was yesterday.Gambling is hard to resist because it offers a feeling of hope, and defines that thin line between reality and fantasy that ends with a mental payoff. The main question with this concern is is it all ab stunned the money? It couldnt be all about the money, unless the general public was extremely stupid. The odds of winning the draftsmanship are lesser than the odds of well-nighone cosmos struck by lightning (1 in 649,739) or than nearone being killed by a terrorist attack abroad (1 in 650,000). (7).It has been said, If you bought 100 tickets a week your entire adult life, from the age of 18 to 75, youd have a 1 percent lot of winning the lottery. (7) Now, a number of psychological studies have been done which indicate t hat the commit to play the lottery has to a greater extent to do with the inability or tranquillity of a person to calculate the total sum of their own money over time fatigued of these dollar tickets. The hope and fantastic feeling they receive is worth more than the dollar they give the 7-11 shop clerk at that time. Casino games attain a different sensation.Whether it be cards, slots, or dice games after being seated in front of it for an hour or two there will generally be a win, some kind of win. Usually that win is small. It serves the person, or the brain, with a sort of rejoin. The reward entices the person to want to continue their game so to get another reward (7). The basis for this affirmative appoint is biological. Research done at the Massachusetts General Hospital has showed similar brain activity induce by prize money to food and drug rewards. The scientists measuring this brain activity compared it with giving a cocaine addict an infusion of cocaine.(2) An exp eriment was set up wherein the brain activity of the subjects was measured objet dart they gambled. Each subject was offered one of three spinners a good spinner offered them a chance to solve $10, $2. 50, or nothing an intermediate spinner offered $2. 50, $0, or -$1. 50 and a bad spinner let them win nothing or lose, -$1. 50 or -$6. (3) The brain activity was measured with a high-field utilitarian magnetic resonance imaging, otherwise known as an fMRI, while they were revolve for six seconds and after hence after they had spun.The results showed that the brain activity proved to be strong, moderate, and low in accordance with the level of spinning good, intermediate and bad. The proportions always demonstrated the expected brain activity. The scientists performing this experiment came to the conclusion that money serves as the same type of reward to humans as does drugs and food it sets into motion a reward machine in the brain providing relative stimulus to the amount of r eward or loss which is taking place. The analogy suggests that a common brain circuitry is used for various types of rewards.(3) Considering the conclusion of this experiment to be true, there steady remains an unsettling question pertaining to gambling and brain circuitry. why do some people gamble more than others? At first I searched for some demographic conclusions to support a hypothesis that some group of people gambled more than others. However, there simply isnt much discrimination when it comes to gambling. The National Opinion Research Center, a government based study, showed that there is no gender gap in terms of gambling the 1998 statistic showed 49% women and 51% men gamble in general.(1) The consensus showed that all different ages gamble. Some specifications were made like people between thirty and sixty tended to gamble with more money than the younger and older, but that seems natural because that throw off probably gains the most salary. It also specified that those under eighteen tended to play less in casino, lottery and horse races but that is because they were not allowed in. Thus, those under eighteen were showed to make more wagers outside of a gambling facility than the other age groups. Depending on the game, there seemed to be a pretty even dispersion of race among gamblers.The bottom line being the desire to gamble does not depend on any specific background or gender or age or culture. It depends on the human desire to gain monetary pleasure, to get something for little to nothing, to be rewarded via dollars rather than food or drugs. The demographic statistics and equalities listed to a higher place still do not account for why some crave gambling more than others. Distinctions have been made among gamblers. The categories are as follows non-gambler, low-risk gambler, at-risk gambler, problem gambler and pathological gambler.(1) The desire to gamble becomes increasingly more prevalent and obsessive as the levels progress. A pathological gambler, according to the DSM-IV criteria is constantly preoccupied with gambling, increases the amounts of money fagged over time on gambling so not to achieve a tolerance, cannot stop gambling, gambles as an escape, attempts to break even after having lost money, lies constantly to friends and family about gambling, sometimes commits illegal acts to support gambling, risks solid relationships, jobs, or education for gambling, and uses the financial help of others to be bailed out of some situation caused by gambling.(1) Why are these people so obsessed with gambling that it takes over their lives? It has been hypothesized that pathological gamblers have dysfunctional reward pathways. When the pathways function correctly, one important result is a release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that can stimulate gratifying feelings. Pathological gamblers have been proven to have lower activity in an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters. This may create a problem for s erotonin distribution.Also, researchers have identified a greater amount of certain catching configurations in pathological gamblers, a variation which may be responsible for the deficient reward pathway. (4) The medical specialty prescribed to some of these pathological gamblers who were tested increased their serotonin levels and seemed to have positive effects in the way of their resisting the urge to gamble. Many equate the pathological desire to gamble with a problem in the decision-making area of the brain, a constant lapse in judgment so to speak.The areas of the brain associated with the decision-making process are the middle frontal, inferior frontal and orbital gyrus. (4) While this neurological analysis may offer some understanding to why people gamble for reward purposes, it does not explain the bigger relationship between human beings and gambling. Gambling does not necessarily need to involve money it can instead be translated to a risk. People gamble everyday whethe r it be the tasting of a overbold food or skipping an important business meeting. It seems that gambling is a part of life necessary to perpetuate the human species.Diversification, a part of natural life, involves adapting to different environments and niches. Say a bee only acquired nutrients from one specific flower, never venturing out to samples other types of pollen, what would happen? Suppose one winter that specific type of flower failed to go, or some sort of spontaneous extinction occurred, all the bees who fed off this flower would become extinct as well. The same sort of thing may occur if a person moved to a different country, wherein the food looked completely different. In order to stay alive, that person would have to take a chance on a new type of diet.Human beings, as well as a majority of the remaining Animal Kingdom are inclined to diversify and adapt to new surroundings in order to stay strong and able to perpetuate their species. The same notion of adaptatio n for survival applies to drastic temperature changes and the effect it has on the be. (5) Although nail temperature is not regulated within narrow limits the way internal body temperature is, thermoregulatory responses do strongly affect the temperature of the flog, and especially its outermost layer, the skin. The temperature of the environment is directly related to the thickness of this shell.If the shell is needed to conserve heat, it may expand to a several centimeters underneath the skins surface, however, if the environment is warm, then the shell will tend to only be about one centimeter thick. This shell of warmth protects people in the case that they wish to change environmental settings, or so the same species can survive in all different locations. The complex nature of the human body responds well to their desire to gamble, to diversify, to handle their minds and risk. Whether it be monetary, behavioral or just plain desire to risk, humans are drawn towards the ne w and the chancy.It is the danger of loss and the thrill of life that keeps us breathing.Works Consulted 1)Alvarez,A. The Biggest Game in Town. New York annals Books, 2002. 2)Brunson,Doyle. Doyle Brunsons Super System. Cardoza Pub, 1979. 3)Dostoeyevsky,Fyodor. The Gambler. New York Viking Press, 1966. 4)http//www. norc. uchicago. edu/new/gamb-fin. htm 5)http//www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2001/05/010524062100. htm 6)http//www. sciam. com/article. cfm? articleID=0004400A-E6F5-1C5E-B882809EC588ED9F 7)http//www. gnxp. com/MT2/archives/001309. html 8)http//www. reflection-idea. com/psychics. html.

The Great Catastrophe of Barings Essay Example for Free

The corking Catastrophe of Barings EssayIntroductionIn 1995, Barings Bank, the first merchant bank in the world met its downslope due to the Singapore International Monetary Exchange or SIMEXs act of a rogue principal. The terra firma behind the collapse of the Barings Bank lies under the failure of COSO (Committee on Sponsoring Organizations) Internal Control Integrated framework application in the fellowship in terms of environment control, risk mind, control activities, information and intercourse supervise. The person who is behind COSO Framework is knap Leeson. However, the same person violated the said framework without the intimacy of the bank that led to the downfall of the merchant bank. This paper aims to discuss the causes of the collapse of Barings Bank. Specifically, it excessively intends examine why the bank failed to apply proper integration of COSO and how Nick Leeson contributed to the downfall of Barings.Control Environment In either company, con trol environment is important in order to give knowledge to the employees and increase their environmental aw beness. This provides employees with the incumbent discipline in order to incorporate other internal control components to all business occupation operations in the company. When Baring was on its first level of establishing its figure in SIMEX, Simon, who happened to be the supervisor of Nick Leesson, wanted to hire green traders. This means that in order to save money to be apt(p)(p) out to employees, the company leave behind provided be accepting fresh graduates who do not remove high salaries. This is a great risk in the control environment that Barings took. SIMEX was internationally recognized financial institution which was ruled by highly competitive and knowledge commensurate traders.Thus, hiring ignorant traders who are not devoted to the operations of SIMEX was a wrong move for Barings. In addition, the responsibility of hiring traders should go under t he companys human imagery and not with Nick Leeson. Once a trader is accepted for the job, the company should stringently train him or her, provide him or her with the right resources, and teach him orher the necessary skills in trading. Traders should not be brought to the trading floor until they fully master the trading clay and procedures.The management philosophy of Barings as a company also appeared to be delinquent since the start of its operations. Simon already warned Leeson that the former was a bottom-line kind of person. Simon was mortal who prioritized profitability over quality. For Leeson, loss and slides should be avoided at all costs, composition maximizing profit. He did not care what steps should be taken in order for the company to earn money. The increase in profit was the only thing in his mind.In this situation, the delinquency philosophy of management was adopted. As per Simons instructions, Leeson and the other traders were obliged to always seek the m ost profitable option. Since they are pressured to do so, if a trader was not able to do his job well, they need to cover it up and find ways to descend the problem immediately in order to maintain the companys reputation.The lack of human resource policies and procedures can be seen in the faux pas of Kim, one of the traders. She was tasked to sell securities. However, she was not mightily trained as a trader. Thus, she got confused about the deal and ended up buying security instead of selling. This mistake which is part of the 1st Barings liquidation can be avoided if only the company was able to check the mise en scene of Kim in the first place hiring her.Leeson was not the only person who was pressurized by Simon. The Head of Barings Financial Products Ron Baker was also tasked by Simon to do things in order for them to receive bonuses. Going back to the case of Leeson, aside from work pressure, he was also going through some personal problems. His father-in-law had just died and he had lost an unborn pip-squeak due to miscarriage.Because of the said incidents, his wife, Lisa, asked Leeson to resign from his job in Barings. She thought that her husband has been overworking for the company while he was not well-compensated. When he informed his supervisors that he was resigning, they suddenly gave him a special treatment. The company pampered him and gave him a special pass to trade for SIMEX when he was in London. He was also given the favour to predict his price when it came to bonuses and rewards.Although the employee retention strategy that the company used appears attractive, it had negative effects on Leeson. Providing this kind of privilege negatively affected his personality and his work performance. It caused him to become overconfident which led to insubordination as he tried to over agent his superiors. If only Simon or Ron had quickly discovered this transition in Leesons performance, they could have stop him immediately from becoming a thief or an inefficient worker.Risk Assessment Risk assessment is the companys ability to control the costs of materials occurring in the company. It also identifies the organizations risks, and analyzes the potential and kindredlihood of costs. This is also important in order to assess that benefits should always be higher over costs. In the case of Barings, the companys identity card management was not able to evaluate properly the risks of hiring brand-new personnel in this new line of business. At that time, Barings was on the peak of expanding businesses all over the world. Because of his amazing performance in capital of Indonesia where he was able to solve bonds problem, most of the responsibilities were assigned to Leeson. He was given a lot of power being the manager of the trading floor and the settlement office. He gained authority in giving authorization to all proceedings and activities involving the trading market.Giving him much authority was a grave mistake as it placed the company at risk. He easily manipulated the accounting system which was supposed to be for trading purposes only. there was a time when Leeson authorized trading floor proceedings without the banks approval. Although at that place were auditors who examined incoming and vanquish transactions, they were easily bribed and manipulated by Leeson. He was also accountable for hiring traders who were not skilled and trained.Control Activities Control activities instruction on safeguarding the assets of the company. This involves segregating the duties of employees, authorizing transactions, documentation and checking incoming and outgoing deals. There were control deficiencies in the newly put up Barings in Singapore. However, it was raised accordingly on the managements table. Leesons case was about the missing 7.78 million yen which was demanded by the external auditor for him to explain where such huge amount went to. The auditor infallible Leeson to pre move 3 vali d documents which can prove that the money was not missing and was used properly. collectable to the lack of internal control within the company, Leeson was able to produce the documents immediately. Although the management was already notified, there was no investigation conducted to see more curbing evidence where such materials came from. There were no independent checks do by the higher management to ensure that the internal controls were implemented. Responsibilities were also not properly segregated in Barings. Leeson was the man responsible for both the trading floor and the settlement office, both risk-taking and reconciliation activities. In addition, there were no internal controls that can prevent Leeson from conducting certain control procedures. Since he had the custody of the transactions on the trading floor, he was also the one who authorized the transactions between Barings clients and SIMEX.At the same time, he also had the power to determine which authorized en tries would be recorded into the journal and what reconciliation was supposed to be make at the end of the month. If there was a higher management responsible for controlling activities in the company, the company could easily detect the activities of Leeson which the company would never authorize Leeson to do. The control activities that were established in Barings were not structured and conducted properly. There were plenty of loopholes that could be taken advantage of.Information and Communication Financial reports are vital materials in ein truth company. In proccessing financial reports, having an established information and communication procedure is very important. This procedure enables the employees to understand their responsibilities in making company financial reports. This also involves the accounting system which records, processes, and summarizes the transactions concerning the companys assets and liabilities. Lack of information and communication can be seen in the case of Barings. The company was only sounding forward to the end of the month period where they gain profits. It did not seek to understand how and why the company achieved such profits it only sought profitability and less obligation.Barings financial reports lacked accuracy. Thus, Leeson was able to do two-faced activities while exploiting the companys resources. Even though Simon was curious about the missing 7.78 gazillion yen, he just demander for a brief report and did not ask for a more extensive investigation concerning the money. Barings accounting system was also horrible as it was not properly controlled. Because of this, Leeson was able to manipulate all amount of transactions that were entered in the system. The financial statements that were given to the higher management were altered by Leeson first before they were pre displaceed to the board of entity.Meanwhile, Simon may be the main reason why Leeson turned out to be like that. He should be the one responsib le in monitoring and supervising Leeson. However, he preferred to be absent with the resultswhether the company made a huge profit or not.Monitoring Company activities should undergo monitoring process in order to fully asses the quality and performance over time. This can be evaluated by internal auditors through financial reports, Continual management review of exception and operation reports, an auditing per period substructure and a Regulators suggestions for improvement. Politics is considerably present in Barings organizational structure. Improper support from the board members or a senior executive is given to the internal audit department. The missing 7.78 billion yen was not sensationalized and the news subsided easily without further investigation. Leeson easily made ways to make that 7.78 billion yen case vanished into thin air. The quality of Leesons work was not properly monitored.The senior executives were easily hold on Leesons explanation rather than going through the reports that were submitted. On the other hand, the audit personnel that were sent to audit Nicks work did not possess the appropriate level of expertise. Nick was at first given a very strict and competent auditor but due to lack of support from the board of members, she was later called back to London due to some political issues and two rookies were sent to audit Nick. in addition much trust on Leeson that lead to the downfall of Baring lies on his managers accountability and the internal audit as well. Simon was not able to focus attention on Leesons performance like for instance when one of Leesons traders was making a mistake and both Ron and Tony, the Senior Settlement salesclerk from London, was not able to monitor Nicks works properly. Tony was only ferreting around Nicks office for about a month and found nothing. There was a total mess in Barings management reviews there was literally no monitoring on Nicks doings.Conclusion There are warnings given to the manageme nt but they refuse to accept the fact behind it. Profitability blind them so much believing that it measure success. Since Barings is a big corporation, segregation of responsibilities should be given properly and at the same time employee should understand true responsibility and discipline. Proper training should be given to newly hired individuals so that they will not be lost in their filed of work. There are problems that can be easily solved because of signs along the way but the management chose to ignore it and melt down on with operations. Too much slacking in the internal control was present in Barings. Leeson was able to perform nasty activities and he has vast opportunities that made him loss his integrity.He relied too much on Simons demand of gaining profit every end of the month. His mind is focused on this goal that he made dishonest ways of achieving it. He made things beyond his control even manipulating transactions and financial reports. Too much greed led to Ba rings bankruptcy and his imprisonment. With the additional pressure and problems that he was facing from both his married and company side, as a regular human being, it was just a matter of time before he would crack open. Taking immediate actions could cut Barings losses. Barings should be able to overcome this financial shock, only if the board of entity and higher management had responded spontaneously to the problems that they were facing. Everyone was surprised to know that Leeson who was a well trusted employee incompatible attack them by his power. Devising a solution immediately can be done to expect the companys loss. Securities should be prioritized to avoid another kind of scenario like Barings downfall.The case of Barings teaches the importance of internal controls in every companys success. Right management and good supervision is needed in every company. employ and honest employees are needed to lead the company and do managerial decisions that results in a win-win situation. reform internal controls are needed to fully analyze company transactions. A lesson well learned from Barings that will avoid future company losses in the future.

Latin American transitions Essay Example for Free

Latin American transitions EssayBesides, scholars regard existence of sound multi-party governmental system in the country as a necessary element for ensuring efficient deem of the society over authorities (Randall Svasand, 2001, p. 77). For example, party development is regarded among scholars as an essential element of democratization in Eastern Europe, the development of governmental parties was an omnipresent topic especially with regard to the new democracies in Africa, Asia and Latin America (Penna, 1998, p. 108).While definitions of democracy abound and there is little agreement on which factors contribute to speech democracy about or to its consolidation, a recurrent refrain is the vital design that is played by parties. Surveying prospects for consolidation in sub-Saharan Africa, scholars suggests the key indicator is the capacity to develop a semipolitical party system which is both integrative between different communities, and competitive between different part ies (cited in Randall Svasand, 2001, p.75).Similar conclusions about the importance of parties are being expressed by many experts in the field. Moreover, the role of parties has received especial attention in the literature on Latin American transitions. Scholars argue that in assessing prospects for democratic survival and consolidation in this region much may depend on political parties (Armijo, 2005, p. 2024).Scholars noted one much important aspect of political activities that the extent to which political democracy and comparability can be achieved in any society is a function of the distribution of access to political resources. They describe political resources as anything that can be used to knead government decisions money, wealth, social standing, honor, reputation, intelligent status, knowledge, cognitive abilities, information, coercive capacity, organizations, etc. (Penna, 1998, p. 105).It seems, then, that to democratize, access to these political resources must be distributed to a wider and wider circle of the population. This allows more and more people not only to participate in the political process, but to have influence over decisions. In this situation not only high art of political authorities is in demand, but in fact democratic structure of the parties and their ability to carry out effective communication with other parties functioning in the developing country to achieve consensus.

Mexicans on the Usa Essay Example for Free

Mexicans on the Usa EssayBy the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Mexican American migrant trimers played an increasingly important role in the growing American economy, an estimated 11. 7 million unauthorized immigrants were living in the U. S. in March 2012, and American people want to pull in this problem. In this essay am going to answer this question Should North American Companies hire unratified immigrants? I will answer this by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of hiring illegal immigrants.People in the the States have ont want that illegal aliens get in their country beca pulmonary tuberculosis they use the jobs that Americans can work in, they ar angry because they argon illegal and just legal people deserve to work in the USA. Illegal aliens (Mexican Workers) ar a benefit to the USA companies because they work more time for less invent and they do the hard works that Americans will do for less time and more money. Mexican immigrants are vital to t he U. S. economy, contributing about 4 % to GDP.Mexican Workers are not respecting the USA law and The administration can?t do anything this create a big problem between the USA communities and the government activity because they say that the illegal aliens are invading them This is called ? La Reconquista?. Mexican Illegals go only to find work and do it because they are force to do that, they have a family in very bad conditions that its believing that his familiar that pass the border could get a work and send them money so they cans survive. Mexicans Pass the border illegally because they don? t have money to buy a indorse even a Mexican passport so they go and work hard to get a better life that they couldn?t get at their country.The USA families are worried of their families because they can? t be relaxed just because some illegal people are in the street breaking the law, they are annoyed of Mexican illegal in every corner of their town, they have to take care of their ch ildren because they are dangerous. Mexicans just try to get a job and live better they are trying to became case of the community but the USA people are acting on a racist way, They don? t want to even see Mexicans and know them. There are been attacks to Mexican from the Americans sometimes they were close to kill them.A good example is that on a Mexican restaurant the employees have to use a t-shirt that says how to catch an illegal Mexican. Mexican illegal are increasing USA race and that is not a real problem but when there is more people, they use more serve as foo health care, etc. The USA citizens that generate taxes make these services happen, if there are more people to serve the taxes will be more expensive and illegal Mexicans don? t pay these services. Mexicans help the community they buil houses, clean the streets and fix the public places such as gardens and parks.

The law relating to organ transplantation Essay Example for Free

The right relating to harmonium graft Essay electric organ transplants can vastly improve uncomplainings quality of life and avail their families and society in general by restoring an ill and dependent idiosyncratic to health. On cost benefit analysis transplants prove ultimately cheaper than long-run dialysis by i 191,000 per patient on average. However, in that location argon fewer donors than there argon necessitous patients although this should not be the case, because the percentage of willing donors lie in the 70s. N unmatchabletheless, actual benefactions languish in the 20s. I argue that this is due to the misdirected and incoherent legal structure in place. I suggest that to increase the egress of variety meat for transplantation a presumed consent sy obeisance should be apply to close the gap betwixt willing and actual donations. In conjunction with improved coordination this will ameliorate the gruelling shortage. Such a schema is ethically and moral ly justified. I consider other options under pinched donation much(prenominal) as increased investment in coordination without a change in the default position of abidance to relatives (in the footsteps of Spain), as well as alternatives to cadaveric donation, such as live donations and xenotransplantation.They are however questionable both ethically and practically, such that even if the law formally and effectively ensures that all who affect organs get them, it would be normatively wrong. 1 The law relating to organ transplantation The terms of the relevant law moldiness be subject to critique, because ultimately healthcare workers must work within the existing common law and economy, even as they seek to save patients from an avoidable early death. The definition of death is problematic.Today the belief of brain death has been adopted by most Western countries. Others suggest however that when the capacity for horse sense is irrevocably absent, the minimum criteria for p ersonhood no longer exists, despite the presence of a functioning brain stem. perhaps it is best to admit that it is impossible to define the moment of death with both certainty or precision, and that the main(prenominal) task therefore is to determine at what point in the process of dying organ recuperation becomes legitimate.In the UK, s1(4) of the HTA61 specifies that the doctor be satisfied that life is extinct before organ retrieval may take place but there is no statutory definition of death, leaving that to a proposition of clinical judgement. Standard practice is for two independent doctors to perform two sets of tests to determine brain stem death. The HTA61 outdated and prevents the facilitation of a successful programme. The current system tries to allow for all possible scenarios.S1(1) approximates an opt-in system, but there is no definition of who the person lawfully in possession of the body is, and a verbal function is only legally valid when it is made in th e course of the last illness. Further, according to HSC 1998/035, 8. 2, if a patient is a recorded willing donor, there is no legal requirement to establish a insufficiency of objection on the part of relatives, but in practice it is good practice for any objectives brocaded by relatives to take priority over donors wishes.S1(2) approximates a weak opt-out precis applying where the decedent has left no recorded expression of his or her wishes. The person lawfully in possession of the body is authorised to make organs for transplantation if reasonable enquiry shows that the deceased did not object to organ removal or that the surviving spouse or any surviving relative has no objection to the use of the organs. Although it is fair evident why spouses should be invited to express their views, this does not reflect the reality of the situation in which legion(predicate) adults now live cohabitees or long term partners now fulfil this role.The system is on merge incoherent and p iecemeal, and when an organ is taken, no one knows for sure why is it because the checkup team has requested, or is it because the medical team has procured it under s1(2) of the HTA61? McLean opines that the current legislation is more than of a hindrance than an assistance to an effective transplantation programme. So, to increase the number of organs for transplantation a presumed consent system should be implemented in conjunction with improved coordination to ameliorate the severe shortage.Such a system is ethically and morally justified. 2 Dead Donors Presumed Consent Historically doctors were thought reluctant to ask families of the deceased about the possibility of donating their relatives organs. However, gentlemans gentleman et al. found that in fact request rates were reasonably high such that the belief that a failure to request is the cause for organs shortage is no longer sustainable. Rather, the problem with the opt-in system is its unfitness to enforce deceased i ndividuals preferences because the family vetoes it, in part because they were never made known.For a grieving and bereft family, a request for organ donation is difficult to turn back to because they can only guess at the wishes of the deceased and if there were any doubt at all, would not the natural answer be a rejection? If relatives had severe objections, they should be taken into account for to do otherwise raises the spectre of the swastika, but the point remains that by changing the default position of organ donation it is a veto clearly against the deceaseds wishes, which would be alternatively more unlikely to take place than the current veto due to a simple lose of information.It is not that the PC system is ethically unsound. I argue that presumed consent is superior to the opt-in system because it in truth ensures self-reliance by giving effect to choices each person makes. It gives legal effect to individual autonomy and it ensures truly informed consent when acco mpanied by public education and information, instead of intuitive retorts to organ donation. Nonetheless, some problems with presumed consent have been pointed out. Patient autonomy lies at the very heart of modern euphony and medical research .This is partly a reaction against medical paternalism and an increasing awareness of the integrity of the individual. It may be argued that a presumed consent (PC) system is paternalistic but it concomitantly reinforces individual autonomy and preserves the self-regard and integrity of the individual especially in comparison to, for example, an organs market. McLean points out that underpinning the UK system of organ donation is the fundamental view that organ transplantation should be a gift relationship.So Sir Morris doubts that propositions to change legislation to allow presumed consent to be introduced are likely to be publicly accepted. However, why is presumed consent any less a gift? It does not mean widespread harvesting of cadav eric organs. It means great public awareness and individual choice that is made concrete. More practical considerations also exist. First, the need for civilise infrastructure to maintain an opting-out register. But this is a problem of the past century. Today, only Internet access and a computer is necessary.It is no more difficult than maintaining a register for opting-in patients. If the number of donors truly reflects the number that are willing at 70% then it is in fact more efficient to keep a shorter list of those who do not wish to donate, which would constitute only 30% of the population. Secondly, there is a worship of adverse publicity if organs are taken in the face of relatives objections but as argued above, these could be taken into account, and public education moral suasion could persuade the public of the logic of a need for such a system, to cause a change in social values.For example, when the presumed consent system was implemented in Singapore, statistics showed that more people came forward as donors under a separate legal scheme as a result of heightened public awareness of great need. Even the family was more likely to agree to organ harvesting the Muslim cadaver belongs to her family, so despite the exemption of Muslims from the presumed consent system, Muslim donations come up as well. Due to the widespread awareness of the merits of organ donation with public education and the support of spectral leaders with clear moral grounds for the scheme, social values developed to embrace this medical system.Third, one might ask if resources could be better employed than on the maintenance of such a system but if it solves the problem of organ shortage and alleviates medical conditions at the knife-edge between life and death, it is a small price to pay in terms of opportunity cost. Alternatives to Presumed Consent Required request of families bypasses individual autonomy. It is precisely the problem with the current system. fiscal and medical priority incentives a survey of the systems currently in place reveals that compensation is illegal.Blumstein says that in the US, families are offended when financial incentives are offered when they consent to their deceased relatives organs being donated. Nonetheless, the American Medical Association (AMA) has voted to encourage studies to determine whether financial incentives could increase the pool of cadaveric organ donors. Among strategies considered are small payments to deflect the funeral cost of a relative and preferential consideration for organ donation when a member of someones family has donated an organ. This prioritisation is manifestly unethical it may be pragmatic but why should donation work on this basis?Should it not work on a basis of response to medical need, instead of allowing queue jumping by people who volunteer someone elses organs? Financial incentives could increase the pool of cadaveric organs, but there are other methods to consider n amely my proposal of presumed consent which are far more egalitarian and prima facie altruistic so far as cadeveric donations are concerned. Relaxed restrictions amounts to mere tweaking of the existing system which does not address ethical problems with the current system, such as the undermining of individual autonomy.If the list of criteria for the exclusion of donors is made less stringent, to allow a greater pool of possible donors, the final filtrate of donors will still be paltry in comparison with a well-rounded overhaul of the current system. Improved coordination take for example Spains system based on familial consent. The lessons learnt are that a decentralised system appears most effective, comprising 1) local organisations that focus mainly on organ procurance and promotion of donation and 2) large structures that focus on promoting organ sharing and co-operation. This simply means more investment is needed.The real issue remains this if the main reason forwarded for not having the opt-out system diminished ain freedom is the same reason for why the Spanish coordination system works, should we not be wary, even if the verse crunch delectably? Coupled with the PC system however this would greatly increase the effectiveness of the organ transplantation system and protect autonomy too. Elective Ventilation of deep coma patients close to death with no possibility of recovery for a few hours to preserve their organs long enough to prepare for their removal after death.A trial held in Exeter in 1988 led to a 50% increase in the number of organs suitable for transplantation, but was halted in 1994 when the Department of Health declared in unlawful, because it was not in the patients best interests but whilst of no direct benefit to the patient, it is not contrary to the patients interests and has the potential to benefit others. Nonetheless, this would still be subject to relatives vetoes without a systemic revamp.

Geriatrics and Long-term Care Essay Example for Free

Geriatrics and Long-term C be EssayThough her discussions and daughters check in on her any of the time, they be not there 24 hours a day. She does not want to have something happen and no cardinal find out until several hours or days go by. She is really active in the community and church and I expect that she impart remain so, even after moving into the help upkeep facilities. This report seeks to uncover long-run aid/housing programs and function rund to older adults. I provide focus on the mission and go plyd. From this report, I expect to gain an understanding of semipermanent bursting charge options and the differences amongst them, so it will be useful for my aging p arnts.Introduction thither atomic number 18 1,065,502 people (15. 1%), aged 60 and above, in Virginia (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). There are 216,588 theaters with those aged 65 and over living al peerless with 565,204 households that contain individuals aged 65 and above (U. S. Census Bureau , 2000). The second number, 565,204 does not state that the household contains only 65 and over individual or could be an older person living with their son or daughters family. If eat upn into the later context that leaves 283,728 gray that lives other than their own photographic plate or with other family member.This results in a huge demand for housing of the time-honored on this country. With the onset of the baby boomers overture of old age, it is necessary that the government looks at ways to handle the increased affect for housing of the elderly. ascertain long-term guard options Not everyone will guide a long-term contend option when they age. In fact currently most of the elderly remain in their residence. The questions elderly must ask themselves if considering long-term business concern are many. Elderly may consider long term heraldic bearing if they have a physical or mental disability, inveterate illness, terminal illness or if they are not fitting to car e for themselves.Everyone will need to make their own decision when it comes time, but having the information about what serve and programs are operable will make the decision much easier. Long-Term Care Options There are seven types of clear care services and facilities fellowship Care Services, Community Based Care Services, fully grown solar day Care Centers, act Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs), Assisted Living Facilities, Nursing Homes and senior(a) Housing. Which one to choose depends on factors that include, cost, insurance, health necessitate, medical condition of the person and value for services provided?Home care services Home care services are broken down into skilled care and household support. Skilled care is provided under direction of a physician and administered by registered nurses, physical, speech and occupational therapists. Home support provides shopping, meal preparation and light housekeeping, to include bathing and dressing. Other home support services provided include counseling and brotherly work services. Home care services allow older and disenable persons to remain in a familiar environment while maintaining their independence and security.Home care is knowing for elderly and disabled people that do not need nursing home care, but needs assistance with day-to-day health and individualised needs. The cost of home care is often less dear(predicate) than hospital and nursing home care. Home care service merchantman Preserve independence and security Allow recipient to remain home Relieve stress for recipient and family members or caregivers and Prevent needless hospital or nursing home bills. Community-Based Care Services If you have the ability to transport yourself to social activities, health appointments or go out for meals, community-based care services are probably not needed.However, for the elderly who cannot get out on their own, or have family that can provide transportation, community-based care s ervices can help. Community-based organizations are broadly made up of an all volunteer staff. Services offered differ amongst organizations. Adult Day Care Centers Provides social interaction and meals in a protected environment, thus allowing those take care of the elderly person time-away. Social interaction includes activities such as physical exercise, games, trips, art and music. Some adult care programs offer medical services, such as help taking medications or checking blood pressure.In the united States of America 1,141 of 3,141 counties lack enough space for adult day care (Shellenbarger, 2002). Transportation to and from adult daycare is sometimes offered by the adult day care center. Currently cost of adult day care averages about $60 a day. Though it sounds expensive it is cheap compared to home-care, assist living and nursing home care. Adult day care is covered through Medicaid and those insurance companies that offer long-term care policies. Continuing Care Retire ment Communities Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) offer independent living in a cottage setting to skilled nursing care and in between.The services can be all-inclusive, change to meet the residents needs or in a fee-for-service. CCRCs promote wellness, independence and socialization in a residential environment. The idea behind a CCRC is that elderly can stay in one view rather than moving from one long-term care option to the next. Example, your parents move into senior housing, then assisted living area, then for further care move into a nursing home, all of which are regain in the same complex. Vice paying monthly for rent and services provided, elderly pay a fee or endowment to be part of the CCRC.Assisted Living Facilities Assisted living facilities are broken down into independent, residential or assisted living facilities. Independent and residential living facilities provide minimal assistance for those elderly with minor limitations. Assisted living provid es more assistance for those elderly that need help due to major limitations. Services offered include oversight, health care services and help with day-to-day living activities. Assisted living facilities are one of the fastest growing long-term care options for sale today.In 2000, there were only about 1,000,000, aged 65 and above living in assisted living or residential care (Munn, Hanson, Zimmerman, Sloane, Mitchell, 2006). Since then assisted living facilities have blossomed to over 36,000 licensed facilities providing for more than 9,000,000 residents (Hernandez, 2005-2006). The boom is due to affordability and the homelike living arrangements offered. Nursing Homes When family can no longer take of their elderly member that is injured or disabled, home cares is the preferred option, but if there are no availabilities, then nursing homes are appropriate.In 2000, 1,557,800, aged 65 and above lived in nursing homes (Munn, Hanson, Zimmerman, Sloane, Mitchell, 2006). roughly el derly that utilize nursing homes are recovering from illness or injury. Nursing homes also provide hospice care for those terminal elderly provide rehabilitation or maintain care for those elderly with chronic health care needs. Nursing homes provide around the clock care for those recovering from illness and injury. The homes are for those elderly that need more medical attention than social gathering. Nursing homes also provide personal care in the form of bathing, dressing and going to the bathroom for the elderly.Senior Housing This is for those elderly that do not need long-term care, but live in a home that is not considered safe. Senior housing often is apartments that have been adapted for the elderly and include railing in bathrooms, wider hallways and raised outlets. optional services provided include meals, housekeeping and social activities. Choosing the right long-term care option With the long-term care options, mentioned above, selecting which program or service is ri ght can be overwhelming. Think about what it is that you mother, father, or some(prenominal) want in their older years. Ask the elderly what it is that they want?What are their needs? Do they need help with chores? Do they prefer small facilities, certain location, special living conditions? What is their financial situation? result you be paying for long-term care or is insurance providing coverage? Is Medicare or Medicaid involved? question available long-term care facilities near your residence first. Ask questions about what services/programs that are/are not provided, if they are insured, costs and vacancies. Check on fees for special care services or if extra fees are charged for services. Think about waiting list, if you find the one you want, but are not needed immediately or near term.Visit and tour the facility with your love ones. Is it friendly, does it look clean, are people happy, what activities do the have for residents. How many staff is available, come back duri ng several(predicate) times of the day on different days. What the rooms are like are any options available? What are the residents allowed/not allowed doing? Is there a schedule for anything, eating, naps, bedtime, and social visits? How often are your loved ones check over on? Does the staff conduct regular care training? Ask other residents what their opinion of the long-term care facility?Check with the Better Business Bureau to check for any complaints filed. Conclusion In conclusion, though there are many choices for long-term care, it will come down to the individual, the elderly, the elderly family or a combination to determine which type of care will best fit there needs. There is no one fits all long-term care facility, such as there is no specific type of elderly person. Everyone ages differently and each will have their own very specific needs when it comes time to make a decision on long-term care. Some will choose to remain in their home while others may choose a co mmunity setting.However, one thing is known and that is the elderly population is increasing in the United States. This will lead to a higher demand for long-term care services in the future. In the past families tended to take care of their own and their parents, whereas now the elderly will have to start looking at looking at for themselves, though some will be taken care of by their children. In the end, follow your instincts. need a place that treats your parents with respect and makes them feel comfortable. References Bolda, E. J. (2006). Community Partnerships for Older Adults Meeting the Housing Challenge. Generations, 29(4), 61-63.

Pornography and Sexual Violence Essay Example for Free

porno and knowledgeable Violence EssayThe class is sociable psychology. Please use proper headings, double spacing, 12 pt font, adept-inch margins, page numbering, and logical flow from publication to topic. Citations whitethorn be from the Web, texts, books or scientific journals. Magazine and newspaper citations be generally unacceptable. Please be original with your own views. Being with a strong, creative, original thesis clearly stating what you argon trying to show. porno is a term utilized to depict the various cozy practices and desires to arouse the viewer informally. It should also be clearly distinguished from the term obscenity. Obscenity is frequently utilized legally to suggest grownup clobber. This material may be deemed as illegal if it crosses all the social barriers of decency and is liable for criminal punishment. Sexual images of women can pull in a positive influence or a negative influence on firearm. Women can be portrayed as objects of sex, ple asure, abuse and violence. This has resulted in degradation of the status of women in the on-going world.Feminists throughout the world are objecting at the problems dirty word has created for women. During the early 1980s, smut became a huge womens rightist issue. The political situation in the West was also changing during that period. People began to feel the compulsion for greater amount of freedom. Several of the moral issues such as abortion, productive rights, versedity, etcetera began to be questioned. Abortion began to be authorized giving the women greater amount of control over their body. Today, women should be pure before the marriage and need to be loyal to their maintains during their married life.Marriage is a relationship in which sex is fareed only for reproductive purposes and not for pleasure. If a woman indulged in sex outside their marriage, it was considered to be a form of prostitution. Frequently, women are forced into getting them photographed f or creating big material. The pornographic industry throughout the world has turned out into a multibillion-dollar industry (about $ %6 billion), providing material in various forms including movies, internet, books, videos, etc (Malamuth et al, 2005, Utah State University, 2007 Webb, 2007).Recently, in that respect has been an increase in the number of cases of tiddler abuse throughout the world. The exact cause for this has not been understood clearly. A train conducted by Knudsen does not show a direct relationship between sexual violence against boorren and smut fungus. A thorough assessment was created using laboratory findings and case studies of those who had suffered from child sexual abuse. It was found that child sexual abuse was only affected to a slight and indirect extent by pornography (Knudsen, 2005). Frequently, quite a little associate pornography with lampblack. However, there is a lot of difference between these two aspects. Erotica is a situation of an in timate relationship between humans such that closeness, communication, intimacy and sexual arousal are felt. Erotica utilize various symbols for communication and the feeling of interaction. It could be considered to be one system of words or dialect. Hence, erotica is usually shared between people belonging to close group, culture, religion, sect, ethnic community, etc.People belonging to opposite communities, sects, group, etc, would be unable to share and communicate with their partner. Hence, the erotic appeal may not be present in such circumstances. Erotica cannot mix with brutality. To some extent erotica can vary from one taste to another. Many people use the term erotica in order to demonstrate and applaud pornography. However, both these terms need to be completely differentiated from one another. Pornography is the misuse of women and children in the name of erotica.This misuse can be considered in two ways. Firstly, a woman may be abused and forced into pornography thro ugh the erotica. Besides, many of the female pornography material depict man dominating and abusing women and treating them as mere objects. I do feel that pornography directly and indirectly creates a situation in which the woman is victimized. This may further the chances of women getting sexually offended (Utah State University, 2007). Many of the material available forthwith on the internet and the print media has been generated by threatening women into certain acts that have not been expected. For example, Linda Marchiano was threatened with a gun to perform several sexual acts in the film Deep Throat. Today graphic material is available on the Internet of women beingness tortured, raped and victimized for the sake of sexual arousal. I do feel that this may not create a sense of erotica but instead encourage violence and crime against women (Utah State University, 2007). Pornography has changed the entire concept of masculinity and femininity. Earlier, these two genders were considered as complimentary to one another. A woman was fundamentally made to supplement the inescapably of man. However, pornography has spoilt this relationship between man and woman. Indirectly man is victimizing women in the name of pornography. Men dominate women and children using pornographic material. Man would try to conquer other sexually, and women would have to submit to the sexual needs of man. In a husband-wife relationship, the wife would become the weaker party and the husband would become the stronger one.Once this domination is created, every chance exists for the man to abuse and ill-treat the woman. Today pornography has been closely associated with male supremacy. As pornography is becoming more and more common in todays world, it is having a negative influence on the people. Pornography touches upon male dominance, sexual inequality and sexual subordination. Hence, people consider and use violence, force and domination as a part of sex. This inspection and r epairs to spread terrorism and hatred amongst the population. Today, people are unable to identify the thin line present between pornography and erotica (Utah State University, 2007). Pornography may influence the individual to various extents depending on the individual factors, the attribute of pornographic material, the extent to which the material causes sexual arousal, etc. Studies have demonstrated that when children and adolescents are exposed to pornographic material, there are chances that these children on becoming adults would have perverted sexual tendencies.They may also perform violent acts in order to gain sexual gratification. However, some studies have demonstrated that expose of the child or adolescent to a minimal amount of pornographic material during early age would help them to benefit afterward, as they would be aware of the sexual processes that occur in adults. However, this area needs to be thoroughly researched further to determine the type of pornograph ic material and the extent to which they would benefit (Malamuth et al, 2005). The World needs to change its attitude toward pornography. To some extent individuals possessing certain characteristics may be exposed to a greater extent than others to pornographic material. A study conducted by Malamuth et al (2005) demonstrated that men, who were exposed to material containing sexual practice and violence against women, accepted these attacks secretly. The acceptance was much greater in men who were exposed to pornographic material than those who were not. Men who were exposed to media presentations of material, which glorified sexual attacks on women, developed aggressive attitudes towards women (Malamuth et al, 2005). Thus it can be seen that pornographic material is harmful to the development of cordial relationships throughout the world between man and woman. The order of pornographic material varies depending on the culture, region of the world, sect, religion, etc. Scientists should try to develop a method of determine the direct relationship that exists between pornography and sexual violence against women.The Internet may be a very useful resource for teenagers and students. However, this resource could also be misused, as activity may be difficult to monitor. It is high time for the law-enforcement agencies and parents to help control the activity of teenagers and students over the Internet. The manner in which the child or teenagers utilizes the Internet plays a major role in the development of the personality and behavior later in life (Paul et al, 2005 Bremer, 2005).ReferencesBremer, J. (2005). The Internet and children advantages and disadvantages. Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14(3), 405-428.http//www.springerlink.com/content/g074414vx721x677/Knudsen, D. D. (2005). Child sexual abuse and pornography Is there a relationship? Journal of Family Violence, 3(4), 253-267.Malamuth, N., Huppin, M. (2005). Pornography and Teenagers The Importance of Individual Differences. Adol Med Clin, 16(2).Paul, B. Bryant, J. A. (2005). Adolescents and the Internet. Adol Med Clin, 16(2).Utah State University (2007). Lesson 10. Pornography, Violence, and the Law. Retrieved on celestial latitude 7, 2007, from Utah State University Web site http//cc.usu.edu/fath6/Gen5.htmVillani, V. S. (2005). Media literacy for clinicians and parents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14(3), 523-553.Webb, E. (2007). Pornography or Censorship-Silence or superior? Retrieved on December 7, 2007, from DSP Web site http//www.dsp.org.au/dsp/porno.htm