Mathematics and Art Essay -- Logic, Creativity, Philosophy

Mathematics and art are two areas of association that demonstrate different degrees of interaction between vital and germinal persuasion. Whether considering mathematics or art, creative view evaluates a new or original idea containing some degree of value. Critical thinking examines assumptions and challenges a accepted belief or theory that has previously assumed to be true. Although general assumptions and creativity may be considered separately when considering extreme examples of concrete ideas and abstract ideas, the interplay of critical and creative thinking is one method in which new and validated knowledge is attained. Mathematics is an area of knowledge that may seemingly appear to be concrete, utilizing reason as its source of knowledge. On one hand, mathematics represents wise to(p) concepts using a repetitive procedure and logic that will rarely deviate. graduation exercise concepts of mathematics taught in schools are concrete with fixed steps and formulas for solving problems. For example, the properties of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division yield fixed answers. Students only have to use the steps previously taught and accept them to be true to attain the correct response. Therefore, concrete concepts can only be accepted as true by using learned skills to process and generate information and belief. However, without some degree of understanding or context, the use of the skills as a repetitive exercise is not critical thinking because it has no meaning.It is accepted that the area of a right triangle is one half the base times the height. Reasoning can be used by dint of the drawing of a grid and counting the squares to verify this formula. In this way, mathematics uses critical thinking to guid... ...ture, for example, buildings, bridges, and structures are taller, more energy efficient, and able to utilize previously impossible designs because the interplay of critical thinking and creative thinking has yi elded new techniques. These three fields each utilize mathematics and art to generate the latest knowledge. friendship can be generated through the interaction of critical and creative thinking. Critical and creative thinking are both needed in different slipway to create new ideas that are verifiable and credible. Ideas and interpretations that have been generated through advancements in math and the arts demonstrate that both critical thinking and creative thinking are needed to generate new knowledge. As a result, the questioning of established beliefs along with the creation of new ideas will yield beneficial knowledge to the world and its learners.

Ethical Lessons Learned from Corporate Scandals Essay examples -- Busi

Ethical Lessons Learned from Corporate ScandalsEthics is round behavior and in the face of dilemma it is about doingthe right thing. Ideally, managerial leaders and their people willact ethi songy as a result of their internalized virtuous core values. The Enron scandal is the most prodigious corporate offend in theUnited States and it demonstrates the need for significant reforms inaccounting and corporate governance in the United States. It is alsoa call for a close look at the ethical quality of the culture ofbusiness generally and of business corporations (Lessons from theEnron Scandal). The collapse of fifty-fifty the smallest of businessesimpacts many people, and therefore even the smallest business canlearn what not to do from the multibillion dollar corporation. Thefailure of ones business will greatly and negatively affect itsemployees, partners, as well as the families of each of those groups. Business owners have a duty to operate in a prudent, lawful andethical manner . The major lessons that were illustrated by thecollapse of Enron and other corporate scandals will be the moralityplay of the new economy. It will teach executives and the Americanpublic the most important ethics lessons of this decade. pecuniary cleverness is no substitute for a good corporate strategy. Financial accounting is a backward looking, unusually complex, subjectto subjective interpretation, vulnerable to several(prenominal) controversialaccounting doctrines...

Immigration-Pauline Hanson Is Wrong :: essays research papers

Pauline Hansons view on migration is incorrect. Ceasing migration would not be good for Australia either culturally or economically. An agile and sophisticated immigration program, which focuses strongly on skilled and business migration, can have a beneficial impact on our economy.The National Multicultural informative Council, chair Neville Roach is a firm believer in slip byd immigration Australia is a multicultural society, he said. Our cultural diversity has been a posture and an asset in our development as a nation.Migrants have been the heart of building Australia into a strong economy. Migrants in modern Australia create jobs and business opportunities and continue to add to the rich social and cultural fabric of Australian society. Business Skills migrants create on average six late jobs and induct millions of dollars into the economy. They have brought new ideas and new technology to the atomic number 18as of medicine, science, information technology, mining, primar y industry and business. Their familiarity with different cultures, languages and lifestyles as well as how overseas business works has helped local companies compete in Australia and overseas. The current Migration Program is balanced and targeted to meet our economic, environmental and international objectives.Expanding a vibrant economy depends on a large population, like for example, the USA and Japan. in-migration stimulates the economy through increased tax revenue, contribution of funds from overseas, participation in employment, spending on housing and increased consumption of goods and services.Research shows that migrants are less reliant on social security than people born in Australia.Surveys on business migration reveals that within two months of arrival, over half record businesses employing an average of five staff.Migrants both create jobs and take jobs. They increase the demand for goods and services, which leads to job creation. They bring in capital that can be u sed to invest in new businesses. They also increase the size of the labour force adding to Australias amentaceous capacity. Migrants also increase and expand the labour force, adding to Australias productive capacity, Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Phillip Ruddock said.

1984 And Brave New World Essay -- essays research papers

Brave New macrocosm and 1984As I read Brave New World and 1984, I noticed how some of Aldous Huxley andGeorge Orwells prophecies are becoming true. As science and technology progresses,we have the opportunity to alter few aspects of our lives, even though our freedom andprivacy may be in jeopardy.In Brave New World, science allows babies to be artificially produced in alaboratory. Nowadays, parents who cannot conceive children are also able to artificiallyproduce their children with the jockstrap of science and the genes of both parents. As scienceadvances, the parents may even be able to reform the genes of their baby in order to havethat perfect child. In addition, through the Bokanovskys Process, ninety-six identicaltwins can be produced with one bokansovskified egg. Recently, cloning has allowed us toproduce identical mammals. If cloning is possible, it will not be surprising when weproduce ninety-six identical twins with one egg, like in Brave New World, in the future.The Br ave New Worlders institute soma whenever they chance troublesome, depressedor angry. The soma makes them feel pleasant and comfortable. Nowadays when one ishaving a bad day or does not feel good, he may result to something much like soma suchas alcohol or drugs to produce that same pleasant feeling.The government of the World Stat...

Growth of Online Shopping Around the World Essay -- Technology, Amazon

Introduction When Amazon.com launched its online retailing strategy in 1995 and began to reap benefits, many analysts viewed doing business and shopping online with great optimism (Denise, 2004). They anticipated for a day when people would be able to order their shopping items from the comfort of their homes. Consequently, customers would see little or no need at all to physically reckon conventional in-stores to make their purchases. It is now a decade and a half down the line and online shopping has taken the business world by hale with more and more companies opting to test the sweet waters of online retailing. Analysts foresee a rapid produce of online shopping in the next decade or so though some reports still show a significant number of consumers across the world who have never attempted to do their shopping online. The growth in popularity of online shopping points to the presence of certain advantages, which are not available in traditional shopping. At the same time, it alludes to the existence of differences in the midst of the two types of shopping. This study shall discuss the growth of online shopping around the world and provide statistical evidence of this growth in the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. It shall also elucidate the differences between online shopping and traditional shopping. The Internet has significantly transformed how consumers shop for goods or services. While traditional in-store shopping still dominates in some industries in conglomerate countries, it has done little to increase convenience, efficiency, and ease of shopping and making travel arrangements. According to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company in March 2010, in that location are some products that are universally bought online ... ...d shoppers have to keep themselves up to date with the ever evolving technology. On the other hand, technology used to facilitate traditional in-store shopping has remained the same for many years an d does not change as often as is the case in online shopping. Online shopping is not dependent on geogaphical location as transactions can take place across borders. Consequently, access to items offered by retailers is not impeded by factors related to geographical location. In other words, consumers whether local, regional, or international can shop anywhere in the world through the Internet. On the other hand, traditional shopping is limited by geographical considerations. As a result, the number of customers who are able to access the premises may be greatly determined by the location (Differences between Online Retail & Traditional Retail Businesses, 2007).

Growth of Online Shopping Around the World Essay -- Technology, Amazon

Introduction When Amazon.com launched its on drag retailing strategy in 1995 and began to reap benefits, legion(predicate) analysts viewed doing business and shopping online with great optimism (Denise, 2004). They anticipated for a day when people would be able to order their shopping items from the comfort of their homes. Consequently, customers would see little or no need at all to physically visit conventionalistic in-stores to make their purchases. It is now a decade and a half down the line and online shopping has taken the business humans by storm with more and more companies opting to test the sweet waters of online retailing. Analysts foresee a rapid increase of online shopping in the next decade or so though some reports still show a significant number of consumers across the world who have n constantly attempted to do their shopping online. The harvesting in popularity of online shopping points to the presence of certain advantages, which are not available in tradit ional shopping. At the same time, it alludes to the existence of differences between the two types of shopping. This paper shall discuss the growth of online shopping around the world and provide statistical evidence of this growth in the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. It shall also elucidate the differences between online shopping and traditional shopping. The Internet has significantly transformed how consumers shop for goods or services. While traditional in-store shopping still dominates in some industries in various countries, it has done little to increase convenience, efficiency, and ease of shopping and making travel arrangements. According to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company in March 2010, there are some products that are universally bought online ... ...d shoppers have to keep themselves up to date with the ever evolving technology. On the other hand, technology used to facilitate traditional in-store shopping has remained the same for many ye ars and does not change as often as is the case in online shopping. Online shopping is not dependent on geogaphical location as transactions can take place across borders. Consequently, access to items offered by retailers is not impeded by factors related to geographical location. In other words, consumers whether local, regional, or international can shop anywhere in the world through with(predicate) the Internet. On the other hand, traditional shopping is limited by geographical considerations. As a result, the number of customers who are able to access the premises whitethorn be greatly determined by the location (Differences Between Online Retail & Traditional Retail Businesses, 2007).

Using Technology to Improve Business Communication

Assignment 2 victimisation Technology to Improve Business Communication Hans Jacobs October 31, 2011 By Inderjot Shokar Horvathova, P. & Davidova, M. (2011). Application of Talent Management with the commitof Information and communications Technology in the Czech Republic and OtherDeveloping, Emerging and Transitions Economies. Retrieved fromhttp//web. ebscohost. com. libproxy. auc. ca In this study, the researchers examined the quality of ICT engineering science along with talent management being used in organizations in one of the regions in the Czech Republic. Out of a group of 237 respondents (all organizations) selected for a survey, 96. % had give tongue to talent management had not been put into practice in their organization. In another(prenominal) survey, 118 of 228 respondents had said they were not familiar with the process. In relation to my topic, this article does stress the importance of victimization technology to improve business organization communication, how to use it efficiently, and that its most effective along with human interaction. However, it does not discuss how to keep technology in perspective, the importance of reconnecting with people frequently, and the flaws and distractions of technology if used inappropriately. Tsai, C. , Wang, C. , & Lu, M. 2011). Using The Technology Acceptance Model To Analyze Ease of Use of A Mobile Communication System. Retrieved from http//web. ebscohost. com. libproxy. auc. ca This article discusses the use of mobile communications to pass specific bodies of knowledge. It states that if mobile communications is to be used as a communication medium, it should have a simple design that users can implement in their life on a daily basis. Doing so will make people more willing to use the technology and thus improving communication. In an experiment of 230 participants, the results showed that this research had atisfactory reliability and validity. Therefore, this information is relevant to my topic b ecause it discusses improvement through technology of communication. But keeping technology in perspective, connecting with people frequently, and using communication technologies productively is not discussed. People should have this knowledge to avoid the negative effects from the use of technology. Bubou, G. M. (2011). Platform Technologies and Socio-economic Development The Case ofInformation and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in Nigeria. Retrieved fromhttp//web. bscohost. com. libproxy. auc. ca In this case study, the nation of Nigeria is examined to see how far it has developed during the period of 2001-2009 with the use of ICT and how ICT will assist to obtain the strategic vision sight 20/20/20 to improve Nigerias economy . It is now among the top 10 countries in Africa with the highest telecommunication users. In 2001, the tele-density of Nigeria was a measly 0. 73%. By the end of December 2010, it grew to 63. 11%. Even internet usage has gone up, from 24% in 2007 to 4 2% in 2009 with over 83 one thousand thousand subscribers.A major milestone that do this possible was the launch of the first African communication satellite (NigComSat1). Over $12 billion of Direct Foreign investment funds (DFI) has flowed into the country. At a macroeconomic level, the GDP has increased by 27. 8% from N6. 7 billion in 2004 to N8. 6 billion in 2005. In 2010, it is said this sector will contribute to 1. 62% of GDP, with over 50. 9% growth in contribution to GDP. In comparison to my topic, the improvement through technology for Nigeria is emphasize greatly.However, it has not touched base on the other areas of my topic. Although the growth and development of this country has heavily been impacted by the development and implementation of ICTs, the topic of ICT should be discussed in more detail. All aspects should be covered, including the negative effects. Bonnie, C. How Do Businesses Use Communication Technology to Improve Their Performance? Retrieved from http//s mallbusiness. chron. com This article discusses how communication can be key when it comes to keeping all workers in the loop. As it is mentioned, whats new section on the company website can keep everyone up-to-date with whats passing play on with the company. Instant messaging programs can help communicate important information or instructions quickly and efficiently. It can also update coworkers and supervisors of an employees status, whether they are in a meeting, at their desk, or out of the office. Email is still a popular method of communication and is ideal when a business has multiple offices in multiple areas. In regards to my topic, productive use of technology for business improvement is demonstrated well in this article.Yet they have not include the downsides of instant messaging. It can prove to be quite distracting. Employees can potentially misuse IM for non-work related discussion, and thus decreasing productivity. As well, it has failed to mention keeping technolo gy in perspective and how important it is to connect with people frequently. Applegate, J. (1999, Nov). Black Enterprise. Retrieved from http//books. google. ca (110-118) In this article, it is discussed how crucial it is to use technology to run a business.Suggestions are made for different types of technologies that any business should have for its day to day operations. Included in these suggestions are cellular phones, two-way pagers, multi-function boxes (printer/scanner/fax/copier), internet emolument providers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless modems, online employee training, voicemail, and creating a website. This article discusses improvement of business through technology but forgets to mention the cons of misuse for technology, keeping technology in perspective, and the importance of connecting with people.You would want to ensure that employees are using their technological tools for work purposes. For interpersonal communication, these tools are great. But you do not want to grow capable on them. Its not meant to think and communicate for you. Communicating through a phone all day may be convenient, but it right to stay in touch face-to-face with your workers and contacts. Its good to know people for who they are, because behind a computer or phone, they are just another voice.

Performance Management systems Essay

1. What is the main goal of a Performance Management System? Performance commission systems argon designed to improve both undivided and organisational surgery by identifying what skills are needed to perform a role, providing regular feedback and assisting the employees in their career development. The overall aim is to equip provide with the competencies and commitment to take on shared organisational goals . 2. Why is it necessary to develop and weapon a Performance Management System?A well substantial carrying out forethought system assist to develop staff and can result in significantly improved output and performance, which ultimately break downs to improved results for the organisation. Without a well developed and implemented performance management system, an organisation can risk sorry staff performance and a high turnover of staff due(p) to overlook of control. 3. What are the three stages of Performance Management? planning for performance setting performan ce goals, establishing performance standards and setting performance expectations, identifying developmental goals in piss (action) plans performance appraisal observing, documenting and assessing performance performance improvement providing regular feedback, review performance appraisal, rewarding excellent performance 4. List the four groups who are involved in Performance Management? your team you, as a supervisor human resource professional union representatives. 5.Why is it necessary to picture that performance management and review processes are consistent with business objectives and policies? Staff performance plans must be based on the overall aims and objectives of the organisation so as to ensure that each staff constituent is working cohesively towards the same goal. They must also adhere to organisational policies so as to ensure that they are fair and consistent across the organisation. This also assures that they comply with legislation (that is, presumin g that the policies set out stipulate this). 6.Write a paragraph explaining why you think performance evaluations are necessary and the system/s that you consider best to be utilized. I think the importance of performance evaluations is twofold. In my experience, working in an extremely under-resourced organisation, it has been very difficult for me in the past to gain feedback from my supervisors intimately my performance. One to one time with a manager is rare. This has at times resulted in frustration because I have felt up as though I have not been able to gain direction in my work. I fear that at times this may be the case for the staff that I supervise also.Therefore, I swear that on one level performance management systems are extremely important as a method of support for staff. On a more than obvious note, performance management systems can also lead to improved output and performance of individuals, which ultimately leads to improved results for the organisation. In terms of what method I believe to be most effective, I believe that there are some aggregate principles that must be followed. The plans should be developed with staff so as to ensure have gotdership, implementation must be consistent and timely (3 month reviews shouldnt be undertaken at 7 months). 7. Why is it important that both managers and employees receive suitable training in how to handle performance review interviews? Without training about how to handle performance review interviews, there is a very big risk that the appraisal will not be effective and even more concerning is that it could prove counterproductive and damage the supervisor/employee relationship. Training equips managers and team leaders with skills to conduct positive appraisals. It assist employees to understand the new relationships and how performance issues are openly discussed and resolved.Training sessions also can assist employee to see how their work links to the goals of the organisation. 8. rati onalize why and how often you think performance appraisals should be held? I believe performance appraisals should be held after 3 months in a role and then every 6 months following this. I write this in the consideration of the organisation for which I work. One to one time with your manager is difficult in our organisation and I believe that in the past this has led to staff feeling very unsupported.There has been quite a high turnover of staff in some programs and I believe that this could be addressed by stronger support systems in place from management. While some may argue that appraisals at such regular intervals can be difficult for managers to implement due to time constraints, I believe firmly that this investment will be returned in increased staff output. 9. Why is it important to recognize the contribution of your work group members and why should you do this? Recognising the contribution of group members is an important method of motivating staff.It reinforces positiv e contributions and shows their importance to the organisation. If the contribution of staff members is not recognised, it risks losing the motivation of a team who may feel that their work is for no purpose and is not appreciated. We all need a thanks 10. List three pieces of legislation that are related to performance management Fair Work Act (2009) Workplace Health and Safety Act (1995) Awards/Enterprise Bargaining Agreements/Union Collective Agreements. 11. How would you articulate a training plan incorporating both monitoring and coaching for individuals with poor performance?It is important to spend time to time to try and understand why a staff member may have poor performance. This is important in determining what action to take be that formal training or coaching. The following points from the course book I would certainly include in any coaching I was to undertake Good coaches challenge employees and ask questions that sustain the employee to discover how to improv e. Coach when you wish to focus attention on any specific aspect of the employees performance. A coaching meeting should focus on just one or two aspects of performance.Any more than that and employees wont remember the main impact of your meeting. Keep coaching conversations brief and betwixt 5 to 10 minutes long. Being an effective coach requires understanding what motivates the members of your team. Remember that people are motivated in different ways. Be excellent to the things that drive your people to perform. When things are performing well, take the time to understand what is working and why. Good coaching is guiding, not telling or doing. Allow the employee to own the problem and its solutions. Ask them How finally feels as though she is getting somewhere.In terms of monitoring, I would plan more regular catch ups with the staff member (perhaps monthly) to discuss progress. I would continue to implement reviews at the times stipulated by organisational policy. I would als o ask for regular feedback from the staff member. 12. How can you provide support services if required? Provide details of union representatives HR representative details Training options Set up future one-to-one meetings Work manuals chum system in which staff member is teed up with competent staff member 13. If the individual continues to perform below expectations what process would be necessary to implement?If the poor performance continues, it may be necessary to give a written warning to the staff member. This is discussed further in question 20. 14. Why is it necessary to document and record performance? Documenting and recording performance can lower the risk if a person chooses to challenge a negative appraisal. Holding records of poor performance may assist to cover an organisation legally if the employee raises an unfair dismissal claim Documenting good performance is also important so as to avoid claims of favouritism for example of undeserving staff members.Documenting performance also makes it much easier when the time for appraisals comes around, particularly for managers who are managing a large number of staff. 15. Explain the term interpersonal conflict Interpersonal conflict is the most apparent form of conflict for workplace participants. It is a disagreement or differing views between two or more people over a particular idea, thought, or action.. Also language and personality styles often clash, which can create conflict in the workplace. ref http//www. mediate.com/articles/donaisB2. cfm 16. How does interpersonal conflict affect the workplace? Interpersonal conflict is is easy enough to observe in the form of office politics, gossip, and rumours. It can lead to a negative work environment, with groups forming within the workplace. Unless these conflicts are resolved, they can lead to a very challenging and unfriendly workplace. In more extreme cases, interpersonal conflict can lead to charges of harassment and discrimination or at least the feeling that such things exist.

The Armenian Genocide

The Armenian race murder In 1948, the United Nations adopted the racial extermination Convention, and in doing so defined the experimental condition genocide as acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole, or in part, a national, ethical, racial, or religious group (Totten and Parsons 4). Indeed by many scholars, this is aspect to be the case as to what happened to the Armenian race within the Ottoman Empire in 1915. Rouben Paul Adalian, author of the critical essay The Armenian Genocide published within the book Century of Genocide Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts edited by Samuel Totten and William S.Parsons, claims this belief to be true. In his essay, Adalian describes what life was like in the beginning 1915, reasons why the genocide happened, how the genocide was committed, and the impact the genocide left on society. Before 1915 the Armenian batch had lived freely in the region of Asia Minor for somewhat 3000 years. However, or so the 11th century Turkish tribes invaded the Armenians and took over the area while settling down permanently there.Because the Ottoman Empire eventually expanded their ground to Eastern Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, they withdrawed an improved semipolitical system in severalise to govern e reallyone effectively (Adalian 55). As a result, Adalian notes that the Ottomans imposed a strictly hierarchical social system that subordinated non-Muslims as second-class subjects deprived of basic rights (55). In spite of the Armenians being deemed second-class citizens socially, they were actually a bourgeois group economically, leaving jealousy amongst the Muslims. dismantle though life for Armenians was service able, it would soon take a turn for the worst. There are a few reasons as to why the Armenian genocide became certain by 1915. The first reason was because of the decline of power in the Ottoman government. Because the Armenians could see that the government could not guarantee the justificat ion of their property and life, the Armenians looked for reform (59). As a result, this created an increased feeling of hostility and stubbornness between the two.The second reason was because of the military weakness of the Ottoman Empire. tally to Adalian, the military was prone to resorting to brutality as a method of containing domestic dissent, especially with disaffected non-Muslim minorities (60). The third and most important reason is because of the formation of the political organization known as the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). The party originally advocated for constitutionalism, egalitarianism, and liberalism, but when the party overthrew the government in 1913 everything changed.Radicals within the party were able to gain control and they were influenced by their German ally, leading to the promotion of turkification which was vehemently opposed by the Armenians (61). Shortly after the CUP gained power, they opted to invade Russia in order to gain more land. After the attempted invasion by the Ottoman Empire, they were quickly destroyed by the Russians and ended up losing territory. Because the CUP refused to accept certificate of indebtedness of the embarrassing defeat, they used the Armenians as a scapegoat.Adalian goes on to say, the Young Turks placed the blame on the Armenians by accusing them of collaboration with the enemy. Charging the entire Armenian population with treason and sedition (62). The genocide officially began on April 24, 1915 and the abuse that the Armenians took while being deported was horrendous. The genocide of the Armenians was a plan carefully devised into three parts deportation, execution, and starvation. Intellectuals and scholars of Armenian communities were abducted overnight on April 24 to ensure that the plan would go smoothly and reduce the amount of resistance.Soon after, women and children were ordered by the Ottoman government to leave township in the direction of the Syrian Desert. Most Armenia ns went by foot and were extremely unprepared for the length of the journey. According to Adalian, Only a quarter of all deportees survived the hundreds of miles and weeks of walking. Exhaustion, word picture, and fright took a heavy toll especially on the old and young (58). This happened because the government purposely refused to give food and water to the Armenians.However, some were able to spring from the convoys of deportees when they stopped at other towns. Also, the government created a special organization made up entirely of convicts whose sole purpose was to rob, kidnap, and murder Armenians along the way. The absence seizure of men in the deportation process was because the Ottoman Government had summoned them ahead of time in which they were imprisoned and tortured (58). The amount of desperation within the Armenians began to grow, men and women dying of thirst were shot for approaching the Euphrates River.Women were stripped naked, abused, and murdered. Others des pairing of their fate threw themselves into the river and drowned said Adalian (59). When the Armenians reached their destination of Deir el-Zor, the remaining survivors were murdered in cold blood. In all, around 1 million Armenians were killed during the deportation, scarring them for years to come. The genocide left a tremendous impact on the Armenian people. Whole communities were destroyed, leaving many in need of food, clothing, and housing (71).Also, there was incredible trauma placed on the Armenians, and they had to face the fact that they were most likely not going to be compensated for everything they had lost. Even when the few survivors returned back to their homes, they were unwelcomed and forced to leave. Possibly the greatest impact the genocide had induced, was the fact that for the first time in over 3000 years, the Armenians no longer lived in their homeland (71). There is still resentment today between the Armenians and Turks mainly because the Turkish government refuses to acknowledge that the genocide ever occurred.Adalian concludes, The experience of the Armenian people in the period after the genocide teaches another important lesson. Unless the consequences of genocide are addressed in the immediate aftermath of the event, the element of time very soon puts survivors at a serious disadvantage. Without the attention of the international community, without the intervention of major states seeking to stabilize the affected region, without the swift apprehension of the guilty, and without the full exposure of the evidence, the victims stand no chance of recovering from their losses.In the absence of a response and of universal condemnation, a genocide becomes legitimized (77). Works Cited Adailian, Rouben Paul. The Armenian Genocide. Century of Genocide Critical Essays and Eye Witness Accounts. Ed. Samuel Totten and William Parsons. 3rd ed. New York Routledge, 2009. 55-92. Print. Totten, Samuel, and William S. Parsons. Introductions. Centu ry of Genocide Critical Essays and Eye Witness Accounts. Ed. Samuel Totten and William Parsons. 3rd ed. New York Routledge, 2009. 1-14. Print.

Cohabitation Before Marriage

Topic 1 The practice of cohabitating onwards unification is becoming increasingly commons in our society, especially among the youth. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. Many people wonder whether or not they should comprise together before getting married. There ar many different views when it comes to this question and some of them lie in religion, ethics or realism. Nonetheless, like everything in this life, there atomic number 18 two sides of a problem.Hence, the advantages and disadvantages of cohabitation pass on be discussed in depth as follows The first and foremost reason is that accompaniment together before marriage is a good way for people to find out whether they would be compatible marriage partners. Knowing the partner is not the same as living with him or her. Dating just from time to time, partners are on their best behaviour, they avoid confrontation because they are eager to arrive someone love them and insecure in the temporary relationship.Moreover, this super nice behaviour may partly account for the radical changes in behaviour, personality and attitudes (almost always for worse) that sometimes occurs shortly after marriage. In addition, shacking up with somebody is a total different do it. People can get the full picture about who they are. If both partners are not unsex yet for marriage but want a steady partner, living together offers obvious advantages. It can be real life learning experience of loving and adjusting on equal terms with an another(prenominal) person.It is just one of many possible tests for a potential partner. The best predictor of good marriage is a long, relatively smooth relationship, in which wide variety of problems and successes are experienced. Living together measures the couples strengths and weaknesses in such areas as communication, personality, expectations, unfilled activities, conflict resolutions, financial management, parenting etc Cohabitation p rovides a great opportunity for couples to get to know each other better, learn communication, decision-making, prepare for marriage and prevent future problems.On the other hand, cohabitation are often criticized by the old generation. Many times, a couple who lives together before becoming married can upset their families or friends who have strict religious beliefs. If these families or friends are the soon-to-be bride or grooms parents, this can create a rift in the family which can be difficult to repair. However, some families are fine with a situation like this. Think of how your family or your partners family would feel about the situation before doing anything and decide how it will affect the family relationship.Another disadvantage of living together before marriage is that you lose the excitement and thrill the honeymoon will bring. When you have already lived with someone and gotten to know their actions and habits, the time after the wedding will not be as exciting. Ho wever, this is not always a bad thing. If losing the excitement before youre even married frightens you, you may not want to live together before marriage. No one can insure that it is better or not to live with someone before getting married him or her. Do what is good for you and be responsible for everything you made.

Post Colonialism in Skin of a Lion

Eng Seminar Post-colonialism is an academic discipline that comprises methods of intellectual discourse that present analyses of, and responses to, the heathenish legacies of colonialism and of imperialism, which draw from different post-modern schools of thought. Post-colonial Literature addresses the problems and consequences of the de-colonization of a country and of a nation. The char forgeers of his novels are mainly among the immigrants, the colonized, and the oppressed that are suffering from the loss of true self and identity.Therefore, it is demonstrated that colonialism will continue its banal effectuate on individuals lives and identities by entangling them in an unhealthy state of mind like double consciousness. In the novel, In the Skin of a Lion, Patrick who is the main character finds himself an outsider in the society and tries to measure himself through the others look - Top of Form Bottom of Form Postcolonial criticism, like postmodernist criticism, rejects the universal and large scale in preference for the local and specific.InIn the Skin of a LionOndaatje challenges the dominant narratives and gives a voice to the untold stories of the colonized. Ashcroft et al inKey Concepts in Post-Colonial Studiesdefine post colonialism as dealing with the effects of colonization on cultures and societies (p. 186) and post colonial reading as a way of reading and rereading texts to draw deliberate attention to the profound and inescapable effects of colonization on literary production anthropological accounts historical records administrative and scientific writing (p. 92). A postcolonial reading also rejects the universalism inherent in the liberal humanist readings of traditional criticism in favour of an acceptance of issues of cultural difference in literary texts. Culture itself is seen as a web of conflicting discourses. Thus it champions a celebration of hybridity and encourages a writing back from the mete or periphery to the centre. Canada has a history of resistance to colonialism.If you are applying a postcolonial reading then you should examine the novel for what it says about the dominant political and scotch structures and how these serve the interests of the dominant class. Of course this leads us into aMarxist readingof the novel which would focus on the conflict of class interest and the oppression of the running(a) classes. Marxist critics would say that all texts must be read in relation to the society in which they were composed and because writing is a political act criticism should be political as well. Patrick sat on a bench and watched the tides of movement, felt the reverberations of trade. He spoke out his name and it struggled up in a hollow echo and was lost in the high air of Union Station. No one turned. They were in the belly of the whale (54) The form of a city changes faster than the human heart (109) The southeastern section of the city where he now lived was made up mostly of immigrants an d he walked everywhere non hearing any language he knew, deliriously anonymous. The people of the street, the Macedonians and Bulgarians, were his only mirror.He worked in the tunnels with them (112) Temelcoff is a navy a man is an extension of hammer, drill, flame (Ondaatje 26) Nicholas Temelcoff is storied on the bridge, a daredevil. He is given all the difficult jobs and he takes them. He descends into the air with no fear. He is a solitary. He assembles ropes, brushes the tackle and occlusion at his waist, and falls off the bridge like a diver over the edge of a boat. The rope roars alongside him, slowing with the pressure of his half-gloved hands.He is gruff on the ground and then falls with terrific speed, grace, using the wind to push himself into corners of abutments so he can check driven rivets, sheering valves, the drying of the concrete nether bearing plates and pad stones. (34) I will tell you about the rich, Alice would say, the rich are always laughing. They prol ong on saying the same things on their boats and lawns Isnt this grand Were having a good time And whenever the rich get drunk and maudlin about humanity you have to listen for hours. But they keep you in the tunnels and stockyards. They do not toil or spin. Remember that. (132)

Metaphysical Poetry

Metaphysical poets The metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic tush Dryden to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the seventeenth century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as lamb or religion. These poets were not formally affiliated near of them did not even know or read each other.Their style was characterized by wit and metaphysical conceitsfar-fetched or unusual similes or metaphors, such as in Andrew Marvells comparison of the soul with a drop of dew in an expanded epigram format, with the use of simple verse forms, octosyllabic couplets, quatrains or stanzas in which length of line and rhyme scheme enforce the sense. The specific definition of wit which Johnson applied to the school was a kind of discordia concors a combination of non-homogeneous images, or discovery of occult resemblances in things apparently unlike. Their poetry diverged from the style of their times, conta ining neither images of nature nor allusions to classical mythology, as were common. Several metaphysical poets, especially John Donne, were influenced by Neo-Platonism. One of the primary Platonic concepts found in metaphysical poetry is the idea that the perfection of beauty in the beloved acted as a remembrance of perfect beauty in the eternal realm. Though secular topics such as scientific or geographical discoveries interested them, there was in addition a religious or casuistic element to some of their work, by which they attempted to define their relationship with God.John Donne (between 24 January and 19 June 1572 31 March 1631) was an face poet, satirist, lawyer and a cleric in the Church of England. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the metaphysical poets. His works are noted for their strong, sensual style and include sonnets, love poetry, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, songs, satires and sermons. His poetry is noted for its vi brancy of language and inventiveness of metaphor, especially compared to that of his contemporaries. Donnes style is characterised by abrupt openings and various paradoxes, ironies and dislocations.These features, along with his frequent hammy or everyday speech rhythms, his tense syntax and his tough eloquence, were both a reaction against the smoothness of conventional Elizabethan poetry and an adaptation into face of European baroque and mannerist techniques. His early career was marked by poetry that bore immense knowledge of British society and he met that knowledge with cracking criticism. Another important theme in Donnes poetry is the idea of true religion, something that he spent much time considering and theorising about.He wrote secular poems as surface as erotic and love poems. He is particularly famous for his mastery of metaphysical conceits. A Burnt ShipOut of a fired ship, which by no wayBut drowning could be rescued from the flame,Some men leapd forth, and ever as they cameNear the foes ships, did by their shot decaySo all were lost, which in the ship were found,They in the sea being burnt, they in the burnt ship drownd. John Donne A Lame BeggarI am unable, yonder beggar cries,To stand, or move if he say true, he lies. John Donne

Book and Popular Essay

1. Introduction habitual Holdings is a capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore-based company that is listed on the Singapore Exchange. fashionable is opera hat k instantern for its chain of customary recordstores under the Retail and Distri moreoverion unit. The crowd currently carries out its issue activities with subsidiaries operating in countries much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Canada. Its account holdstore operations have a network of over 90 familiar word of honorstores and 360 normal managed al-Quranstores with its core businesses in retail, distribution, publishing and e-learning.2. History of the political discussion sectiony 1924 popular started in Singapore under the trade name of Cheng Hing Company, established by the late Mr cabbage Sing Chu. It distributed Chinese story confines. 1930 Established World Book Company in Singapore to distribute Chinese books and later moved into the publ ishing business. 1936 Established familiar Book Company in Singapore to cover Chinese books. 1949 Incorpo sendd World Publishing Company in Hong Kong to publish clips and Chinese books for two local anesthetic and Asian foodstuffs. 1952 Set up United Publishing House Pte Ltd in Singapore and Malaysia to publish textbooks. 1975 Started whirl English titles in Singapore and was positioned as The Bilingual Bookshop. Business grew dramatically. 1984 Opened the number one bilingual bookshop in Malaysia. 1990 Introduced the POPULAR Card to cultivate guest loyalty. 1993 Expanded the business scope by retailing music products and audio accessories under the stigmatize name of CD-RAMA. 1997 Listed Popular Holdings express mail (POPULAR) on the Singapore Exchange. 2000 Set up joint venture, EdnoLand (HK) Limited, to provide interactive learning programmes to preschool children. This signified the start of the Groups e-learning initiatives. 2002 Entered the e-learning market of Mainland China 2003 Incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary, Popular Digital Products (Shenzhen) Ltd in January, leaving the first footprint in Mainland Chinas publishing market. 2003 Ventured into Taiwan publishing market. 2006 Successfully organized the initiative BookFestSingapore and BookFestMalaysia, drawing over 400,000 visitors. 2008 Successfully organized the inaugural BookFestHong Kong 2008. 2009 Launched UrbanWritea emotional statestyle letter paper thought store that goes beyond the basics. 2009 Opened a vernal concept bilingual bookstore prologue at ION Orchard. 2010 famous the 5th anniversary of BookFestSingapore and BookFestMalaysia. Both BookFests managed to achieve record turnouts of over half a one thousand thousand visitors each. 3. Management Structure Popular Holdings has a centralized organizational structure. Mr Chou Cheng Ngok is the Executive Chairman of the Board.In view of the Groups single wind instrumentership structure, Mr Vangathar aman Ramayah was appointed as the self-supporting Director to lead and coordinate the activities of non-executive directors in circumstances where it would be inappropriate for the Chairman to serve in such(prenominal) capa urban center. The Independent Directors, Mr Vangatharaman Ramayah and Mrs Lim Soon Tze ensure that on that point is a good balance of super power and authority to enable self-sustaining exercise of objective judgement of corporate affairs. All major decisions made by the Chairman be reviewed by the Audit Committee (chaired by Mr Vangatharaman Ramayah).The Nominating Committee (chaired by Mrs Lim Soon Tze) reviews his surgery periodically and the recompense Committee (chaired by Mr Vangatharaman Ramayah) reviews his remuneration package. Hence, the Board believes that at that place atomic number 18 adequate safeguards against an uneven concentration of power and authority in a single individual. For management pur draws, the Group is organised on a wor ld(a) basis into business units based on their products and dish outs, and has four operating segments as fol depresseds Retail and Distribution, Publishing and E-Learning, lieu Development and Corporate.Ms Lim Lee Ngoh and Mr Poon Chi Wai Ponch be the Executive Directors who argon in charge of the performance of the businesses. pic 4. commercialises Served 4. 1 Countries Served As of 30 April 2012, Popular had 148 bookstores 63 in Singapore, 70 in Malaysia and 15 in Hong Kong. Popular is the biggest book retailer in Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong (Chairmans Statement, Annual Report 2012). Popular is making betting and extensive inroads into the Greater China market, especially in China and Taiwan. There have been selling offices and subsidiaries portion up in Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Taipei. 4.2 Customer Groups Served Due to the various branches in its core business and the signifier of products nominateed at retail stores, Popular serves diametrical guests o f all ages, including students who constitute a large portion of their client base. Populars customers range from individual consumers to corporate groups. 5. Products Offered Popular has its core businesses in retail, distribution, publishing and E-learning. As stated in the 2012 Annual Report, though the book business is often labelled a sunset intentness, retail and distribution of books are one of Populars strong core businesses.Populars bookstores have products such as books (textbooks, opinion books, storybooks, reference books), CDs, DVDs, gentilityal software, computer accessories, art materials, lieuery, electronics, toys, games and gifts. 6. Recent instruction execution of the Company Popular Bookstore has been achieving increasing disturbances for 3 consecutive years. As seen in Fig 1. 1, Popular achieved a turnover of S$439 cardinal in 2011 in its Retailing and Distribution sector, improving from the ancient results of 2010 and 2011.The amplify in turnover in th e Retail and Distribution segment is primary(prenominal)ly delinquent to 9 new outlets opening in various locations in Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong and the book voucher programme held in Malaysia, where Malayan students were each given a book voucher worth RM$200 each as part of Malaysias government budget in the precept sector. Also, the change magnitude turnover is due to reduced cost In 2010, Popular reduced cost by reducing its retail store space from15200m2 in 2009 to 13700m2 in 2010. Its Publishing and E-Learning sector is doing well as well, with its turnover increasing from S$69 million in 2011 to S$72 million in 2012.Go-Easel is one of Populars initiatives which led to this increase in turnover. Go-Easel features digitalised assessment books which provides instant marking and step by step solutions. It gained popularity among students and parents due to its convenient and impelling substance in helping students academically. pic Profits before tax (PBT) in the Retail & Distribution of Popular Bookstore experienced a positive growth as shown in Figure 1. 2, with PBT of S$29 million in 2012, improving from S$19. 1 and S$10. 9 million in 2011 and 2010 respectively. However, there was a drop in PBT in the Publishing & E-Learning sector, decreasing about 24.7%, from S$9. 7 million in 2011 to S$7. 3 million in 2012. This was due to the closing of one of its magazine distribution business due to restructuring. However, because this closure is only a one-off cost, the prospects of the Publishing & E-Learning sector in Popular Bookstore still remains hopeful for future growth and greater profits. pic 7. Macro-Environment Analysis 7. 1 political Forces Education policies implemented by the government evoke improve Populars sales. For example, in Malaysia, as part of the budget allocated by the government in 2012, every student in Malaysia received a one-time book voucher worth RM$200.This policy led to greater spending in bookstores by the Malaysi an community. Popular was the biggest bookstore company with 70 bookstores in Malaysia, and so Popular experienced an increased turnover in 2012. However, governmental regulations may limit demand and reduce profit for Popular Bookstore. The Media Development chest of drawers in Singapore prohibits any import of books, publication, audio materials that contains content that may be objectionable on moral, racial or religious grounds, or declareed detrimental to Singapores national interest. (MDA, 2011) Thus, Popular Bookstore is restricted in their range of books and media as it has to comply with these regulations, causing it to lose some(prenominal) of its competitive butt against to online E-books retailers. Book endorsers in Singapore may be able to purchase the restricted materials from these retailers, as these retailers are based overseas and are non restricted by the Singapore law. 7. 2 Economic Forces The relatively high largeness rate in Singapore (4. 1%) and Hong K ong (4.0%) in 2012 and the bleak global frugal outlook is fortunately, not much of a stumbling block for Popular Bookstore, with it achieving positive growth in its Retail and Distribution sector. This could to a fault be attributed to the items that Popular plows, which are mostly books (Eg. Assessment books, textbooks)and stationery. The demand for these items has a small, positive value of income-elasticity because they are necessities and normal goods for students. Hence, a decrease in incomes due to poor economic conditions results in a less than proportionate decrease in demand for Populars books , thus Popular has not been badly affected.7. 3 Social Forces In todays world, many deem education as an important tool towards a bump paying job and a better life. Thus, the spending on education, which implicates spending on textbooks, stationery and assessment books, is increasing. For example, in Singapore, the consumer spending on education has been increasing at a steady ra te, from US$ 84. 1 million in 2008 to US$155. 4 million in 2011. (GMID,2012). This shows that Singaporeans are increasing willing to spend on education-related items, such as textbooks and assessment books, to supplement the learning.As a bookstore with a niche product market of assessment books and textbooks, Popular Bookstore is able to benefit from this trend of increased spending in education. With the relatively high inflation rates, especially in Singapore and Hong Kong, consumers are becoming more value conscious. Popular Bookstore has through with(p) well to cater to the demands of the consumers and projecting a value for money image, by offering membership separate and promotions on their items on a regular basis. One of such promotions is the back-to-school promotion, brooking students and their parents to purchase stationery and books at discounted charges.7. 4 Technological Forces The increasing connectivity of the Internet island astray (e. g. 4G mobile network and OpenNet in Singapore) has led to more online consumers. The size of the online shopping market is large, reaching S$1. 1 billion in 2010, and is expected to reach S$4. 4 billion in 2015. (Techinasia, 2011). This could possibly mean that customers who ordinarily purchase from brick-and-mortar shops ilk Popular would at once shop at online bookstores such as amazon or Barnes & Noble. While Popular does have an online bookstore, it is not well-known or often-used.Thus, the presence of well-established international online bookstores become a substitute to Popular Bookstores. Also, the affordability of e-books flowerpot pose a threat to Populars sales of hardcopy books. The price of heighten Fire, an e-book reader manufactured by amazon, dropped to US$159, making it more affordable for consumers. Amazon uses the pricing strategy of loss leader, which involves mount the price of Kindle Fire at cost price, and making signifi toilett profit from the sale of e-books. Therefore, e-b ooks have now become a substitute of hard-copy books, such as those sold by Popular.7. 5 Legal Forces The institution of the Lemon Law in Singapore in September 2012 could affect Popular Bookstores. With the lemon law, consumers can ask for an central or even a full refund if goods do not accept standards of fictitious character and performance. (CASE, 2012). This could mean decreased earnings for Popular Bookstore if consumers keep returning to the bookstores to exchange their purchased goods. Without worthy enforcement or monitoring, the Lemon Law could even be abused by consumers who repeatedly demand for an exchange or refund, leading to a loss of efficiency and profits.However, Popular is unlikely to be threatened by the Lemon Law, as it already has an exchange policy in place, where it al measlys its customers to exchange faulty products within 7 days of purchase. 7. 6 Impact of Macro-Environment Forces on Popular Bookstores Popular Bookstore still remains a strong name i n the book industry. The fact that it has the majority of the market share in Singapore and that the companys PBT has been steadily increasing proves that the company has been staying competitive despite the huge number of macroenvironment factors it faces. 8. Market, labor and matched Analysis for Book Buyers in SingaporeOur selected market is the market of book buyers in Singapore. These include customers who buy books from both carnal bookstores and online bookstores. 8. 1 Market Size The market for book-buyers is that of an oligopoly, with few incumbent firms. Hardcopy book format is still a multi-million dollar industry in Singapore going strong in the face of stiff competition from online book stores. The total market size of brick-and-mortar stores is worth around $165million. In 2011, Popular Bookstores hold about 62. 5% of the total market share, with Kinokuniya (25%) and Times Bookstores (12. 5%) as Populars main competitors. 8. 2 Market Trends.Popular Bookstores is sti ll experiencing a ripening trend as its value sales grew from $4,106 million in 2006 to $5,107 million in 2011. This may be due to the growing affluence of the Singaporean population, resulting in high demand for books for both leisure reading and education. However, this trend great power not insure in the future. This is in light of stiff competition faced from e-books and online stores such as Amazon, Book Depository. Fortunately, Bookstores like Borders and Page One have all exited the Singapore market and thus there is less competition from these large, well-established firms with Popular Bookstores.8. 3 Industry SWOT Analysis for Book Buyers in Singapore Positive Effect Negative Effect InternaStrengths Weaknesses l Popular has a widespread chain of stores throughout Singapore, Low mixing of books as compared to other bookstores such as Factorsespecially in the heartlands. This makes it very neighborly and Kinokuniya convenient for the customers. Lack of awareness o f its online bookstore Wide range of textbooks and stationery with very strong monopoly power Limited choice of books on its online bookstore (e.g. Twilight, over assessment books and textbooks Lord of the Rings, Animal Farm) Existence of prologue and epilogue ( a book cafe located in Poor interface (Survey, 2012) of online bookstore prologue ) to provide an option book-buying experience a novelAbsence of a proper feedback system on its online bookstore brand of book retail therapy, distinctively designed to give a bespoke Under-utilization of Facebook page resulting in inaction and multifaceted life style experience.unresponsiveness prologue was awarded the Premium Service GEM Award for the Books and Stationery kinsperson by the Singapore Retailers Association in recognition of POPULARs effort in delivering magnificent customer service. (Chairmans Statement, Annual Report 2012) ExternaOpportunities Threats l Growing incomes of book-buyers lead to greater demand for books for topical anesthetic brick-and-mortar competitors such as Kinokuniya are trying Factorsleisure and education to improve their presence by setting up a fourth store in Jurong Many of the bottom audience are tech-savvy but have yet to purchase East MRT (JEM) to reach out to more customers. e-book readers such as Kindle or Nook Due to technological advancement, the Popularity and accessibility Well-established firms like Borders and Page One have antecedently left of online bookstores (Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Book Depository) and the Singapore market, reducing the amount of competition e-books is decreasing the demand for hardcopy books at physical stores 8.4 Detailed Industry Analysis of Bookstores Physical Stores Online Stores Kinokuniya Second-hand Bookstores Amazon/Barnes & Noble Book Depository commentary Kinokuniya bookstores are located in central city Various second-hand bookstores in Singapore Both Amazon and Barnes & Noble are Amer ican online retail Book Depository is a UK-based locations, with its flagship store located at Ngee Ann sell many classic and contemporary titles at giants specialized in selling books in both hardcopy and independent online bookstore City. Kinokuniya offers a wide range of titles and as well a extremely cheap prices.e-book formats. They are grouped discussed together in this which sells primarily hardcopy cafe within its store. There are many second-hand bookstores in Brastable due to their similar characteristics. formats. Basah Complex. (Eg. Evernew Bookstore, Pro Saint Bookstore, Book Point, Knowledge Book Centre) Strengths Offers a wide pickaxe of titles in various languages Extremely cheap prices will attract They own an ecosystem of their own through their Kindle and Provides free shipping services, including English, Chinese, Japanese, French, and German consumers looking for a good read.Nook tablet products that al abject readers to buy e-books an d which allows prices of books to Successfully marketed itself as a premium bookstore in Good for casual reading, if the reader is notdownload it to their tablet reader immediately. remain cheap Singapore with majority of its stores in the city area. looking for a particular title Online stores result in decreased operational fixed be suchOccasional discounts of up to 90% Niche market focus on casual book readers as rental charges and staffing cost compared to makes books very cheap Premium membership strategy i.e. More dearly-won membership brick-and-mortar stores. Therefore, they are able to sell card ($21) offering limited discounts to entice consumers both e-books and hardcopy formats at a discounted rate. to purchase more titles to get back their moneys worth. Extremely wide disposition of titles. It is easy to search for titles because the search process is automated. Weaknesses Books are priced higher than its competitors due to its Limited range of titles, especially newer Penetration of their respective ecosystems are not widespread It is relatively unknown to the premium branding and higher rental costs in the city titles, consumers looking for specific books in Asia crowd in Singapore. Limited market penetration due to its limited number of may not be able to keep an eye on what they want. Shipping costs and waiting time negates the benefits of online stores. shopping as price of shipping from America is usually high. Asian titles are not as diverse / rich as they are America-based. 8. 5 Competitive Analysis Using Porters Five Forces 8. 5. 1 Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrants in the physical bookstore industry is relatively low because there are low barriers to entry. This is due to strong customer loyalty to established players like Popular and Kinokuniya dominating the market, high sunk costs and economies of scale setting in late.Also, the book industry is also deemed as a sunset ind ustry, which is less attractive to firms as this is associated with low profitability, so firms are less likely to enter the market. However, these low barriers to entry only apply to the industry of physical bookstores. Popular still faces a contrastive course of competition from online bookstores, which are close competitors with physical bookstores. 8. 5. 2 Degree of Substitutes There is a high percentage point of substitutability.In terms of physical bookstores, book buyers in Singapore have many alternatives to turn to such as big industry players like Kinokuniya and Times and second-hand stores at Bras Basah Complex. Kinokuniya and Times are strong competitors because they offer a greater variety of books from varied countries, and have marketed themselves as premium bookstores due to their location in the city area. Second-hand bookstores at Bras Basah Complex (Eg. Evernew Bookstore, Pro Saint Bookstore, Book Point, Knowledge Book Centre) are also a threat because they of fer very cheap books.Besides physical stores, online bookstores like Amazon, Barnes & Noble and Book Depository are dominating the book-buying market in Singapore. These online bookstores offer a quick and easy way to purchase books without being physically at the store, and the benefit of having purchases delivered to customers doorsteps. E-businesses can also offer more competitively-priced books than Popular because there is no need to pay for rental, which takes up a huge proportion of fixed cost. For example, Amazon sells a book titled Act of Valour at $9. 99, whereas Popular sells the kindred book at $17.00. Furthermore, with an increased access to fast and free internet services such as those offered by radio setSG, and the availability of safe and convenient electronic payment, e-businesses are becoming closer substitutes to physical bookstores than ever before. 8. 5. 3 Bargaining Power of Buyers The bargaining powers of buyers are relatively low in terms of physical book stores. They have little access to information such as the prices of books, because physical bookstores do not openly publish their prices online, except when there are promotions.Also, most bookstores located in a certain component part would sell books at similar prices, so customers who are unwilling to travel would have a low tendency to switch to other physical bookstores if the switching cost exceeds the savings gained from only slightly cheaper books. However, the increased popularity of online bookstores is likely to increase the bargaining power of buyers. Buyers become less dependent on existing conduct (ie. Physical bookstores) and can now switch to purchasing books online instead. 8. 5.4 Bargaining Power of Suppliers There is low bargaining power of suppliers. In terms of the book-buying market, Popular Bookstores suppliers are mainly publishing firms. Because there are many suppliers in the market that engage in publishing work, there is a low supplier to firm ratio. This means that Popular Bookstore can switch suppliers easily. Furthermore, there is low switching costs for Popular because they can easily turn to their own subsidiaries such as Novum Organum Publishing House Pte Ltd and educational Publishing House Pte Ltd.Also, there is low supplier competition because it is hard for suppliers to vertically integrate and sell the products to buyers directly. Therefore, suppliers have a low bargaining power, which strengthens Populars position and authority. 8. 5. 5 Degree of Market Rivalry Amongst Existing Competitors There is a strong intensity of market rivalry amongst existing competitors like Times, Kinokuniya, and second-hand bookstores. This is because there is a lot of room for differentiation in terms of the four elements in the marketing mix.Product differentiation can come in the form of the variety of books, in terms of the pillow slip matter and country of origin. Price differentiation can also be present as some bookstores have hi gher priced books due to their well-known brand name or location. Place differentiation can be in terms of the store environment and store location, period promotion differentiation can be in terms of level of advertising, frequency of discounts, customer access to publicity materials and staff service standards.Therefore, bookstores face much competition amongst themselves because there are so many ways that they can classify themselves in providing the optimal book-buying experience for book-buyers in Singapore. 9. Customer Analysis and Segmentation for Book Buyers in Singapore 9. 1 Customer Profile Book Buyers in Singapore The selected market of focus for Popular is book buyers in Singapore. Potential book buyers are any literate customers in the country, from 6 years-old onwards (Stuart, 2010).This customer base is continuously growing, albeit at a slow rate due to the low fertility rate in Singapore (Wong, 2012). Majority of Singaporeans are literate (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2012) as they have basic primary education which is mandatory for all citizens (Ministry of Education Singapore, 2011). In addition, an influx of foreign talents from other countries to support Singapores infrastructure and economy (Yeoh & Lin, 2012) also increases the number of book buyers in Singapore. The incomes of book buyers can be inferred from the Singapore Department of Statistics.The average monthly household from work including employer CPF contributions among resident employed households in 2011 was S$9,618, period the average monthly household income from work per household member including employers CPF contributions among resident employed households was S$2,925. These incomes have a generally increasing trend from past years, and were the highest in 2011, reflecting the increasing affluence of book buyers. Because books are normal goods, an increasing income of customers would increase the demand for books.However, since the selected market of focus is s olely referring to individuals, businesses or organizations are not included and revenues are not considered. To develop an effective marketing strategy, it is essential to understand the targeted customer base and its segments. Comprehensive profiles of a companys target customers are often required, and this is done by expending resources to segment these target customers. Book buyers can be segmented according to demographic and psychographic factors. 9.2 Demographic Segmentation Popular segments its market by key variables such as gender, age, education, race, nationality and the family life cycle. For the denomination variable of gender, books relating to beauty and the domestic sphere such as recipe books cater more to women, temporary hookup the genre of sports and cars appeal more to men. In terms of age, segmentation is characterized by ones life cycle, as exemplified by pre-school books, children books, teenage fiction and magazines, adult fiction and self-help books, et c.The companys ism of knowledge and education (Chua, 2010) has been manifested in the common sentiment that Populars niche is in assessment books and textbooks (Survey, 2012) and is a large portion of the customer base of book buyers. This demonstrates how the market is segmented by education, as books are tailored to the needs of students in each stage of education primary, secondary and tertiary, and also for students in different disciplines business, finance, management, etc. The market is also segmented by race, as there are books in different languages such as English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil.The variety of books in the Singapore & South East Asia and Asian Collections also show that the market is simultaneously segmented by nationality as well. Finally, the family life cycle is also an important variable as Populars books cater to the needs of different families at different parts of the cycle, providing books on sports and leisure for families without children, and books on parenting and health for families with children, etc. 9. 3 Psychographic Segmentation The identification variables of personality, lifestyle and social class also come into play for the selected market of book buyers.Based on the variety of genres provided by Popular such as fiction, classics and literature, comics and humour, astrology and new age and self-improvement, it can be seen that Popular designs its catalogue to appeal to different people with distinct personalities. Likewise, in the culturally diverse Singapore with an immanent cosmopolitan lifestyle, Popular recognizes the importance of suiting the needs of various individuals by offering a selection of books for every lifestyle, such as books on cooking or food and wine, outdoors and nature, photography, travel, etc.The different social classes have also ledto Populars expansion in the market, as illustrated by the novel brand of book retail therapy seen in prologue (Popular Holdings Limited, 2009) to cater to th e higher-income class, which has an upscale identity that is quite different from the family-oriented, fluorescent-lit heartlander look and feel that Popular bookstores have come to embody (Lui, 2009). 10. selling Objectives Populars main objective is to establish a strong regional presence by becoming a primaeval Clearing House for both English and Chinese books in the Asia Pacific Region (Populars strategic Vision 2012).As such, their marketing objective is to offer a wide variety of books with relevant, unique, and good quality content at value-for-money prices. (Populars Strategic Vision, 2012). Next, Popular aims to differentiate itself from both brick-and-mortar bookstores and online bookstores which both serve the same book-buying market. This is especially important because Popular is in an oligopolistic market and faces strong competition. These brick-and-mortar bookstores include the well-established Kinokuniya, Times and Big Bookshop, and second-handbook stores, while o nline bookstores include Amazon and Barnes & Noble.Thus, Populars marketing objective is to capture a larger market share through differentiation. Lastly, in terms of the variety of books, Popular aims to be the largest and most innovative newspaper of bilingual books (Populars Strategic Vision, 2012). It attracts publishers like Seashore Publishing (M) Sdn. Bhd. to Singapore, which dominates the market for bilingual cookbook and general-interest mandarin orange tree books. Through its books, Popular also intends to promote the Chinese language, heritage and culture.For instance, Popular organised the National Chinese Creative Reading Competition during the BookFestSingapore 2011 to make students more aware of and stimulate their interest in Chinese culture and heritage through creative reading (Chairmans Statement, Annual Report 2012) 11. Marketing Strategy / Mix 11. 1 Branding and positioning Popular portrays an image that it is a one-stop station where consumers are able to find whatever they need. This image is especially relevant since Populars main target group is the masses who usually read best-selling books written by well-known authors.To capture a larger consumer market and establish a strong regional presence, Popular has also ventured into overseas markets such as Malaysia, Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. 11. 2 Price Popular has adoptive different pricing strategies for Popular and Prologue. Prologue has adoptive a premium price position for their products. This strategy of prestige pricing is appropriate as Prologue is targeted at the higher end consumers who would be willing to pay higher prices. On the other hand, Popular has adopted mainstream price position for their products.The products offered by Popular is at a rather affordable price since it is mainly targeting the majority of the population. Furthermore, Popular offers products at competitive prices compared to other bookstores. With its membership card, Popular offers bring fo rward discounts on the prices of its products and this further enhances its competitiveness in the industry. In addition, Populars membership card can be acquired at a low cost (e. g. $20 for 3-year membership for students), as compared to other bookstores, such as Kinokuniya ($55. 60 for 3-year membership).11. 3 ProductPopular believes that in order to stay relevant with changing consumers taste and preferences, they should continue to innovate by selling new products. Hence, in 2009, Popular opened UrbanWrite and prologue . UrbanWrite, a lifestyle stationery concept store that goes beyond the basics, offer slightly different products such as glass book materials, stationaries that are not available at Popular Bookstore. With new concept stores under Popular, such as prologue and UrbanWrite, it is pertinent to ensure that Popular does not lose its identity as a one-stop station to avoid confusion amongst its consumers.

‘Stand Up Tall’ by Dizzee Rascal Evaluation Report

There are some(prenominal) features to our output signal which were included based on research in past examples. To try and create legitimacy with our doing became one of the aims because of he style of research done and its extensiveness on past examples. One distinguish feature was the run of the edited scenes. Researched examples always included a fast paced style and this was incorporated. This not altogether meant scenes of shorter but it increased the length of times given to develop the story.The increased itemise of scenes due to the character of the medicine led to a development in the story which could be told to make up this number and to make up the duration of the track. One of the key strengths of our occupation I feel is the way in which it closely relates to its genre. With the speed of change, the urban locations chosen and the ethnicity of the characters involved, it was a precise genre specific video. One failing however I feel is the lack of varying television camera angles. Close ups were used a with child(p) percentage of the time.Understandably, due to the videos narrative nature and the fact that there are no scenes which involve deliverance embedded in our video, or cut-scenes, it is difficult to correctly convey feelings or reactions without needing to focus on a characters expression. However, there are to a greater extent ways to do this. High angle shots can signify consent and low angle shots the adverse. Establishing shots could be used to set a whole scene to the audience. If we were given the gamble to do it again, I would greatly vary the amount of types of shots used.It is important to add variety to the style of camera work to increase the size of the parameters for creativity, which is what the narrative style of our video did in now. An example in our video where more camera angles could have been incorporated is the scene which shows the phone call among Tariq, the main character, and his pregnant ex-gi rlfriend. Although the camera work here is good and it conveys successfully the message it wants to, it doesnt vary in camera angle between the two characters. It tends to stay with medium close ups.In a video I analysed called Stand Up Tall by Dizzee Rascal, the artist is in a majority of the shots but is seen from different angles such as everyplace the shoulder, long shot, medium close ups and close ups. I think our group could have worked better as a team. The main flaw was our inability to meet up, discuss ideas and become all aware as to which deliver of production we are at. We at times thought different things were occurring and we didnt all pull in the same direction until towards the end of production when editing. These are the sessions where we worked considerably as a group.When editing, we looked at the production and any idea brought up by one of our group members were considered. This process happened several times and this ensured us that we were all happy with t he final production. Another frustrate thing about our group was the lack of met deadlines. However, this directly came as a consequence as a lack of deadlines set. Although the work was shared between the group, it was very disorganised as to when it should be done. It was very difficult for this reason to know whether we were ahead or stooge schedule with the only dates determined was the final deadline for all work.Although I have no first business deal experience as to how a real film production team works, I assume due to the scale of their work and the time they spend on it that they would be much more organised than we were. I feel a real film production team would make a priority a schedule to refer back to as to what should be done before a certain stage but we failed to do this. BBFCs film classifications detail parameters to meet a certain certificate. We wanted our production to be available for viewing pre-watershed and this meant it could not involve any swearing, s cenes of nudity or scene of extreme violence.Our production met these criteria. I had decided to show ten members of our audience a screening of our music video in an attempt to establish how these members would appreciate its qualities and informs us of some flaws. I was happy with many of the responses because they were intelligent answers. I decided to outline nine features of our work and asked then on the questionnaire to circle one of the words excellent, good, satisfactory, disappointing and poor. And then there was a tenth open ended question asking them to detail how well they felt it went with the genre of music.The results of this investigation were positive. According to our results, our camera work and mise-en-scene features were very good. This could be down to the tension this took when deciding to produce a narrative music video with the absence of speech. The quality of our editing was though of well also. This could be down to the way we each combed through thr mu sic video when editing and discussed ideas thoroughly during the editing process. However, one thing which disappointed was the lighting. It was at times unclear as to what was hap due to the poor lighting at times.The responses to the open ended question at the end of the production was positive. The most mentioned feature which related it to past examples was the use of scenes, synchronised which changes in the tucker of the music and mentioned to speed of the editing. The synchronization of the beat to scenes was apparent in the very beginning when the door closes as the heavy beat drops in the music. And the fast paced editing came about as the research into previous examples showed us that it was important to music and music videos of this genre.

Mcdonald vs Burger King Compare and Contrast Essay

Outline I) Intro/Hook Thesis Statement Although McDonalds and Burger top executive are similar they have evident differences in their advertising models, food and their committedness with the community. II) * report sentence 1 McDonalds and Burger queen invest a lot of silver in their advertisements. A) endorse 1 Golden arches, Ronald McDonald, Big Mac, extra cheese and the guy who promote Burger index. III) *Topic sentence 2 Their food seems to be the same, scarce it isnt. A) induction 1 McDonalds hamburger weighs little than Burger forces.B) Evidence 2 Burger Kings beef are 100% pure and they flame-boils their burgers, while McDonalds fry their beef. C) Evidence 3 McDonalds cost slightly less than Burger King. IV) *Topic Sentence 3 Their freight with the community is different. A) Evidence 1 McDonalds has House Charities and they give away millions of dollars in scholarship, while Burger Kings commitment is to provide good service and products to their clients. V) Concl usion McDonalds vs. Burger King We see things not as they are, but as we are conditioned to see them Gandalf. Far from what we imagined, McDonalds and Burger King have huge differences.Most batch perceive them just as the same fast food eatery with different names. For this reason, they create debates on which one of them is the superior restaurant (Jeffreys blog, 2012, BK vs MC). Although, they have similarities, their differences become undeniable when we analyze deep their advertising models, their food and their commitment to the community. An advertising model is the set of techniques that the companies use to call public tutelage to their products. Two of the best fast food restaurants in the world, McDonalds and Burger King, invest a lot of money n their advertisements. Despite this, its quite remarkable that McDonalds is smarter. Whenever we hear golden arches, Ronald McDonald, Big Mac, or extra cheese we think about McDonalds. In contrast, what do we think about when we hear Burger King? Maybe some guy that appear in their commercials, but besides that, there is nothing blow out of the water about the advertising their use. Their food seems to be the same, but it isnt. On one hand, McDonalds hamburger weighs less and has only 9g of total fat, while Burger Kings hamburger has 12g and they have a saltier taste.On the other hand, Burger Kings beef are 100% pure and they flame-boils their burgers, while McDonalds fries their beef. Thats wherefore they taste different. Concern at cost, McDonalds simple burger is lower at $0. 89 while Burger Kings has their simple burger at $0. 99. Their commitment to the community is in like manner different. McDonalds has House Charities since 1974, where they answer thousands of parents stick by by their sick childrens side. In addition, they give away millions of dollars in scholarship to help volume who cant afford college. On the other hand, Burger Kings has some scholar program, which help poor families.Howe ver, their strong commitment is to provide good service and products to their clients and to make every Burger King restaurant a place where people love to go everyday. Even though McDonalds and Burger King are really similar, they are also really different. They both try to have good advertising but McDonalds is, most of the time, ahead. Their food seems to have the same condiments, but again, they are far away to be the same. They appear as the two most famous fast food restaurants around the world, but distributively one of them has their own techniques and secrets to be outstanding.McDonalds, besides the service they offer, they help the community, and Burger Kings restaurants are commitment to be the best with their clients. Yes, they are fast food chains, they are famous, they are similar but they also have huge differences in their food, advertisement, and the way they help the community. Reference (Jeffreys blog, 2012, BK vs MC). http//sites. cdnis. edu. hk/students/043135 /2012/01/24/burger-king-vs-mcdonalds/ http//www. burgerlad. com/2013/01/mcdonalds-limited-edition-big-tasty_4872. hypertext markup language http//www. thesaleslion. com/reasons-mcdonalds-crushes-beats-burger-king-year/

Legalizing gambling Essay

Gambling is legal in some(prenominal) places, its not either a criminal or dangerous activity provided it is done responsibly, and in accordance with the law. Have you ever wagered on a game? If so you were fun and should have been fined. Lawmakers have decided that it is evil to gamble, they have reassert it as a means to scam billions from citizens in order to compensate for their mismanagement of tax revenue. They belong laws that could put a taxpayer in jail for placing a single dollar wager on a pool game.Legalizing gambling nation aloney could potentially benefit our economic situation. All gambling was once legal. flavor back only 75-100 years ago most of our states had lotteries in place. Over the past century, as a result of abuse and moral fervor the majority forms of gambling have been prohibited. The history of gambling in the United States evolved from Europe. The Puritans and Quakers took little time to create first laws against gambling in 1638.Casino gambling is congruous increasingly popular especially in southern states. Native Americans are allowed to establish bingo parlors and casinos on their reservations, although Las Vegas and Atlantic City remain gambling tourist top destination choice. Many states allow horse and dog racing tracks and then at that places the people who bet on sporting events, cod games, and almost anything you can imagine in the privacy of their own home. The first thing to do is to mould gambling, both land-based and online.After the legislative base is created and regulation covers every aspect of the gambling industry, its half(prenominal) expressive style to being legalized. I dont see why we should lose a duet dollars to a pool hustler, when we could be hustled legally by the state. Gambling offers individuals the adrenaline rush that greater luck lies within their own hands. People should not be denied an activity that they enjoy partaking in. Government can substantiate revenues from legalized gamb ling which can be diverted towards bettering our society.Legalizing gambling would join on employment opportunities in society which could do to reduce the amount of working capable people out of a job. Gambling establishments have shown to increase employment opportunities as well as improve tourism in the right areas. The presence of gambling establishments is also beneficial to society because they can contribute the revenues to local organisations which then could use the profits for sociable programs that would benefit both gamblers and non gamblers.Legalized commercial gambling is becoming an increasing controversy within our state governments. in that respect is no doubt that many different forms of legalized gambling has exploded in the region and around the country, if the government gives full support of legalization they will be doing all US citizens a favor. Some beg that gambling is an addiction, one that can become dangerous and harmful to the general public. The truth is that like all other influenced jobs it can be a way of making a living for yourself and your family.Though there are a lot of people that struggle with an addiction to gambling, there are probably expert as many people who are responsible gamblers and have enough self control to gibe there wagering hobbies. Legalizing gambling nationally will help stimulate our struggling economy in many ways. If our government would be willing to try to implement new laws to legalize and regulate it theres no way a short time period of testing these ideas would leave any permanent damage on our nation.

European advancements in warfare Essay

The Inter-war goal between World War I and World War II was a duration that governments relied on treaties and pacts to maintain peace rather than wage war. Some of these treaties and pacts did more to instigate war than to help admonish it. Some good examples of these are the Versailles agreement, which basically all but dismantled the German phalanx structure, another example is that of the Paris Peace Act of 1928, which was a voluntary renunciation of war as an instrument of subject area policy. Because treaties such as these, the reciprocal effect of any deviation caused tensions which eventually resulted in spheric conflict. What we will discuss in the following essay will cover weapon and doctrinal advancements, which were intend to return decisiveness, back to the business of waging war, with minimal losses of equipment and human life.During the inter-war period, militaries were primarily led by officers who were hidebound in their approach to military structure and combat. One notable and very important aspect that became a topic of much debate during the period between WWI and WWII was that of armored and motorized state of war. Not further armored vehicles such as stores but also motorized vehicles for logistical purposes as well. The conservative stance regarding these saucy weapons systems, which were introduced during WWI, was that they were to be utilized in a support role for the infantry and cavalry. This came at a time when most of the armies of the world were transitioning away from horse-drawn supply trains and tactical cavalry, due to the modernization of motorized military vehicles.Several leaders who opposed the conservatives on the role of armor and motorized war distante went on to endure some of the most well known military writers ever. Two of these men were British General J.F.C. stuffed and British Captain B.H. Liddell Hart. Both of these British officers wrote and created doctrine that would be instrumental in the w aging of armored warfare for not only WWII but also well into the twenty-first century. Instead of using army tanks and tracked gunslinger for goose egg more than infantry support they believed in, and created doctrine that placed an emphasis on fast abject offensive operations that would strike deep into the enemys territory, so fast as to envision the enemies attempt to regain a structured apology or counter attack futile.This ironically would be the template for the German blitzkrieg, which was implemented by Heinz Guderian after extensive research of Fuller and Liddell Harts doctrinal advancements. Although the British had well made tanks which could carry out this type of warfare, Guderian took this to another level with improvements to tank engines and armament and also the structuring of motorized divisions to carry out this new brand of warfare. It was believed by these men, that one tank could do what it would take a company of infantryman to do, and moreAdvancements i n the inter-war period were not only on ground fighting doctrine and weaponry, but also in the nautical aspects as well. During the 1920s, the chapiter Naval Treaty imposed strict guidelines upon the navies of the U.S., Japan, France and Italy. These guidelines kept ships to certain regulations that limited the size of guns and of the countries entire navy itself. What this did basically caused atrophy in naval progression. In the 1930s when Hitlers Germany openly disavowed compliance with the Versailles Treaty and began the re-galvanizing of its army and navy, it caused the nations which would become Germanys enemies to begin changing doctrine and methods in the conduct of naval operations.Also, the arrival of the aircraft carrier in almost every advanced navy created new threats with aircraft. The Japanese utilized aircraft carriers heavily in the war in the Pacific, as well did the United States. No two countries during WWII assign so much emphasis on the carrier. What the carr ier did was to allow aircraft to be launched from a ship far away into either enemy territory or enemy seas to attack either ships or targets on land without risking the loss of a naval ship. This was a naval doctrine created during the inter-war period.Air forces also went finished extensive change during the inter-war period. First, the advancements of aircraft themselves in this period were perhaps the largest and most significant technological advancement of all. Airplanes had veritable into short-range fighters, which could attack with speeds that were un-thought of in the era of bi-planes. Also, there was the advent of long range fighters to escort long bombers, which could hold large amounts of ordinance to drop on the enemys cities.Because of theseadvancements, countries began racing to create the outperform aircraft that they could make. Each country would create superior aircraft in an effort to control the sky. The two countries that set the stones throw in this rega rd were Germany and Japan. Both enemies to Britain and the US, these two countries pushed the Allies to make formidable opposition and air defense systems.The period between WWI and WWII was a period of radical change to doctrine and weaponry. The creation of treaties and the League of Nations served as nothing more than a hopeful buffer to deter the waging of war. By creating these strict guidelines, the world did nothing more than antagonize one another to the point of global conflict. Advancements made during this period were a need result of men who knew that peace could never truly be attained with peace.

What challenges do the educational philosophies of Paulo Freire and Research Paper

What take exceptions do the educational philosophies of Paulo Freire and Waldorf schoolhouses pose - Research Paper ExampleWhat challenges do the educational philosophies of Paulo Freire and Waldorf schools pose?The Waldorf schools on the separate hand rely on the educational philosophical system which was developed by Steiner Rudolph. The educational doctrine of the Waldorf schools is primarily based on the belief that various developmental stages in children ar the best when it comes to children learning incompatible things. This is so because it is believed that children can only learn different things in life when their physical, spiritual and intellectual capabilities are in terms with the kind of information presented to them (Petrash, 2002). The essay below seeks to address the challenges posed by the educational philosophies of the Waldorf schools and Paulo Freire to the examination requirements of put up and local anesthetic school districts. The testing requirements in the state and local district schools perplex received challenges in various ways by the educational philosophy of Paulo Freire. Most of the state and local district schools have a tendency of not giving their students a example of their own. Therefore if, the Paulo philosophy is incorporated in the local and state district schools, whence the students will tend to be much demanding. In such cases when students are more demanding, the relationship between the students and the teachers becomes mayhem (Freire, 2000). Once the teacher-student relationship becomes chaotic, then the testing requirements of the schools are negatively affected. The students may feel oppressed by the teachers when the teachers fail to meet their demands, and this makes them be violent. Another challenge posed by the educational philosophy by Paulo Freire to the testing requirements of the local and state district schools is when the students accuse teachers of being irresponsible and disobliging in th e sense that they fail to listen to the opinions brought most by the students. Such situation demoralizes the students to the extent of them not performing well in their school survey (Irwin, 2012). Since most of the local and state district schools have a tendency of allowing their teachers to provide students with acquaintance, the educational philosophy by Paulo Freire may be a challenge to the testing requirements of the schools. The educational philosophy by Paulo Freire advocates that teachers and students should move equally in the acquisition of cognition so that students may learn to have a voice in the oppressive society. It becomes a challenge because once students are used to being fed with knowledge by their teachers, it is quite difficult for them to interact with the teachers and give out their opinion on what they are taught (Dewey, 2009). Students in most of the district schools do not know how to interpret the knowledge they learn in school in the real world. I n most occasions, these students tend to memorize what their teachers feed them with and fail to know what the knowledge they have been fed with really means in the real world. This becomes a significant challenge to the testing requirements of the local and state district schools. For this case, the students continue being the oppressed, and that they lack to obtain the powers of speaking for themselves (Freire, 2000). Another challenge that is posed by the educational philosophy of Paulo Freire to the testing requirements of the district schools is the fact that teachers in these schools tend to attention engaging with students in