Global Warming And The Kyoto Protocol - 1737 Words

Recommendations Over the last fifty years, different institutions, international organizations, industrial professionals and federal governments have been working on addressing one of the major challenges the world has been challenged to this day which widely is known as Global Warming. The Kyoto protocol is the well-known abiding playground internationally recognized as a global treaty placing obligations on developed nations to significantly minimize their Green House Gas emissions first adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997. Three actions are recommended for the UN to take up on: First, the UN shall bring all the major actors onboard to commit and work towards achieving the emission reduction targets by 2050. Second, the UN should engage in awareness creation to give more focus and special attention towards climate change policies at a deeper and wider level. Third, the UN is advised to lead negotiations to reach at a fair and equitable share of climate regulation costs Problem Statement Growing concerns and levels surrounding the climate condition of the world was vindicated by the late Peoples’ Climate March campaign in New York City on September 21, 2014. However, the main problem is sustaining the fragile climate change coalition and building on the current momentum to strike a global agreement by the 2015 climate summit in Paris. The coalition is threatened mainly by the multitude of actors involved and their unsymmetrical interests. Strategic Issues As a majorShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Kyoto Protocol1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthe global warming agenda and tackle the issues surrounding the Kyoto Protocol. The second part will look at climate change and the protocol from the respective lenses of realism and liberalism. I will argue that while none of the theories precisely covers the entirety of the issue, each provides helpful analysis falls short of clarifying the entire climate change picture. Can states cooperate effectively through the structure of the Kyoto protocol to solve an international problem of global warmingRead MoreKyoto Protocol And Global Warming1173 Words   |  5 PagesIn December 1997, Kyoto protocol was signed to address global warming specifically. Global warming is the â€Å"gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth s atmosphere and its oceans due to green house gases emissions.†(NRDC, 2005) In the past 100 years, the rate of global warming is unprecedented. In fact, globa l warming has become one of the most challenging environmental problems in the 21st century. In order to effectively address this issue, international cooperation is necessary.Read MoreGlobal Warming : The Kyoto Protocol1183 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction According to the American Meteorological Society, there is a 90 percent probability that the global temperature will increase between 3.5 to 7.4 â„Æ' by 2100 [1]. This increase in global warming could trigger widespread catastrophes such as rising sea levels and famine. International cooperation is crucial because there is not a single country that accounts for 26% of global emissions, and mitigation will require more than 15 countries in order to account for at least 75% of emissionsRead More Global Warming and the Kyoto Protocol Essay886 Words   |  4 Pages Global Warming and the Kyoto Protocol   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the world today there are talks about why and how the people of this planet are polluting the rivers, lakes, soil, and even air. With these talks countries are coming up with great ways to reduce this problem. They see the effects and they are happy and life goes on but there is another problem, the one the everyday people just can’t solve with their own hands, that problem is the theory of global warming. During December of 1997, a meeting inRead More Global Warming and the Kyoto Protocol Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming and the Kyoto Protocol Environmental issues are becoming a growing concern for the world as well as for the worlds leaders. Pollution, littering and the burning of fossil fuels are all problems that have drastically affected humans over the past few years. Impure drinking water, radiation, less ecological diversity and cancer are a few of such harms that the world has experienced. However, one of the most prominent concerns is the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect, a naturalRead MoreThe Kyoto Protocol: An Attempt to Manage Global Warming Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kyoto protocol is one of the most important treaties signed in contemporary days. It has great limitations and is yet to evolve to another level, but it addresses an issue that affects not one, two or ten countries – it affects the entire world. That is why countries have to work and cooperate to create a binding legal document that sets specific standards to greenhouse gas emissions. In recent decades we have witnessed a gradual change in our environment. Our planet is heating up very quicklyRead MoreThe Kyoto Protocol Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagespaper examines the Kyoto Protocol and the United States position on their participation in the Kyoto Protocol. To understand the underpinnings of the Kyoto Protocol one must agree that our planet is warming, and we (its citizens) are contributing to its warming. Any general argument about global warming has to address at least the following five questions: 1. Is global warming really occurring? 2. If global warming is occurring, are humans responsible for it? 3. If global warming is occurring, whatRead More Global Warming Blown Out of Proportion Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Blown Out of Proportion The United States by no means should consider complying with the Kyoto Protocols. My conviction in the negation towards passing this bill is that the whole Global Warming idea is highly blown out of proportion by politicians and the mass media. Global warming, as it may exist in the most gentle form, is the result of natural changes and could yield positive benefits. It is a predictable, quantifiable process. Thus the Kyoto planRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1339 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Environmental Problem Kyoto was created in 1997 during the Third Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC with the objective to globally reduce GHG emissions and ultimately address climate change (United Nations, 1997). This international agreement is based on the premise that global warming is mostly due to GHG emissions and those emissions are undeniably anthropogenic (United Nations, 1997). International Cooperation Because the atmosphere is a public good, individual countries haveRead MoreKyoto Protocol And Its Effect On The Earth s Natural Cycles999 Words   |  4 Pages20th century, global changes were measurable. This marked the beginning of the â€Å"Anthropocene†, and era where human activity became a force affecting the Earth’s natural cycles. One of these changes is a global planetary warming, causing more frequent droughts or heavy rains depending on the locations, ice cap melting at the Earth’s poles and rising sea levels, triggered by the emission of massive amounts of man-made greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide (Holland 2015). This warming impacts everyone

A Separation of Church and State Ensures our Individual...

Religion has no place in politics, therefore, church and state must remain separate if we are to preserve our individual freedoms. The United States of America is a land of great diversity and a nation built on equality. In order to explore religion and politics in America, we must first begin with our countrys roots in 17th century Europe. At the time there was heavy conflict, over religion, involving the Catholics and the Protestants of England. They were two different religions, but they shared a common belief. Both shared the principle that there should be one religion, everyone should be forced to follow it, and that government should enforce it. Therein lay the problem, how can there be only one religion when there are†¦show more content†¦Some states even had official state supported churches. All was still not equal when it came to religion. So how then were we any different than England? We were no different, pure and simple. The right to to worship as you choose was lacking, and the religious persecution had followed our citizens across the pond. Religion was such a hot button that a person could be executed for following the wrong one, depending on your geographical location in the colonies. Violence was not in short supply, as religious differences led to much bloodshed. Definitely not the sunshine lollipops and rainbows version of our nations history, as it is painted for us in primary school. In New York City, on July 12, 1871, violence erupted between Catholics and Protestants. It lead to the death of 62 colonists, and another 100 were injured. Theses riots, the Orange Riots, were a prime example of how little progress we had made toward religious freedom in the colonies. What subject could lead to such violence? Why it was all about the Bible in Public Schools, of course. Colonists were discriminated against, tortured and executed all under the umbrella of religious differences. Aside from the violence, religion elicited in colonial times, civil rights were also not what they are today. Laws were passed o ver the next several decades, to prevent Catholics from owning anything, worshiping, and educating their young. We were an intolerant group, it would seem,Show MoreRelatedSeparation Of Church And State1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthe separation of church and state still necessary in the overall legal and social aspects of a modern society such as the United States? Research and history show that maintaining the church separate from the government is important for the ongoing success of a free and well functioning society. Separation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from one another. Ideally, the church shouldRead MoreEssay about a christian nation802 Words   |  4 Pagesregarding the idea that the United States is a Christian nation. After reading the Church book, however, I believe it is obvious that our country was not in fact founded on Christianity. Even though many religious right groups insist our laws should enforce the doctrines of Protestant Christianity. The documents written by our founding fathers say otherwise. The U.S. Constitution has no mention of Christianity or Jesus Christ, and is evidence within itself that our country was not founded as a ChristianRead More Keep Church and State Separated Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesKeep Church and State Separated missing works cited America is constantly evolving and redefining itself. Those who oppose a separation between church and state claim that because this country was founded on religious principles, our government should continue to base its laws on a Judeo-Christian God. An article entitled, â€Å"Standing up for Church-State Separation in Difficult Times,† states that, â€Å"Religious Right groups are crowing and insisting that they have some sortRead MoreThe Prayer Should Be Allowed At Public Universities, Organized Team Prayer Before And After Game? Essay1120 Words   |  5 PagesDear Editor, I am writing to you in response to your article that stated â€Å"at public universities, organized team prayer before and after game violates the separation of church and state and should not be allowed, although private and devotionals are permissible.† I think it is important to go back to the history of the law and how it relates to today’s society before we distinguish whether or not prayer should be allowed in sport. Before the 1980’s athletes rarely ever discussed their beliefsRead MoreFaith Based Programs Are Effective With Changing Offender Behavior1338 Words   |  6 Pagestheir public and secular counterparts, and to develop and improve faith-based programs based on indicators of effectiveness† (Ferguson, Wu, Spruijt-Metz, Dyrness, n.d.). Now, as far as my personal perspective and individual interview many years ago in regards to â€Å"why individuals choice other faith-based programs when they are incarcerated† for another school I found that when a person is incarcerated and have nowhere else they can go, they will choice some type of faith-based programs for religiousRead MoreThe Separation Of The State And Church1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe separation of the state and church refers to the distinct distance in the relationship that exists between the national state and the organized church. Although the aspect of separation between the state and the church has worked in a number of nations, the degree of separation varies depending on the valid legal policies and laws in relationship with the prevalence views on the religious aspect of the society. In most of the nations that practice such separation, there exists distinct rulesRead MoreInfluence Of The Magna Carta789 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States. T he Magna Carta inspired our Founding Fathers to draft our Constitution centered around these same ideas seen here. The Magna Carta influenced many ideas of English justice and law. These same ideas in the Magna Carta influenced the Amendments to our US Constitution. The amendments to the US Constitution incorporated the same protections found in the Bill of Rights and the Magna Carta. One of these protections are seen in Clause 1 of the Magna Carta which involves the freedom of theRead MoreEssay on The Struggle Between Two Sides: Church and State1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe separation of the state and church refers to the distinct distance in the relationship that exists between the national state and the organized church. Although the aspect of separation between the state and the church has worked in a number of nations, the degree of separation varies depending on the valid legal policies and laws in relationship with the prevalence views on the religious aspect of the society . In most of the nations that practice such separation, there exists distinct rulesRead MoreThe Vs. Board Of Education Case2139 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Everson vs board of education case is whether or not the separation of church and state is a good thing. Me personally, I only agree partially with the idea that religious groups ought to have their own political parties not because I am against government officials using their own religious perspectives and values to impact the political domain and rule the country; however, keeping the religion separated from the government ensures the vitality of the religion itself and fosters the cohabitationRead MoreThe Preamble Of The United States Constitution903 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Constitution was written in 1787 but then ratified in 1788. James Madison helped shape the Constitution and Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. The Preamble contains important phrases to help better understand our United State s Constitution. When the Framers coin the phrase, â€Å"secure the blessings of liberty†, it means that citizens of the United States of America have freedoms that cannot be taken away by anyone and it limits the power of the United States government

Someone Who Moved free essay sample

Have you ever had a friend that moved away to another place? It sucks doesn’t it? One of my good friends moved to Tracy to live with his dad and stepbrother. I know a lot of people wont emit it but I really miss him. We used to hang out not a lot but, enough to have fun. Dylan and I used to ride bikes everywhere, to the marina, Safeway and sometimes if we were hungry we would go to dash. Dash was between Dylan and my house. So, we would met at dash most of the time. Dylan used to hang out with my neighbor a lot also, so, I would always see him. Dylan and I always went wakeboarding in the summer together. He was a pretty cool kid, when he would go to his dad’s house his dad took him dirt bike riding almost every day. We will write a custom essay sample on Someone Who Moved or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sometimes he would invite me every once in a while. He still goes riding even more than when I lived by him. I wish he still lived here, because he was one of my best friends at the time. All the girls thought he was cute too. He was a chick-magnet. I bet he still is at the school that he is at right now. I think he is sponsored now on his dirt bike so that describes how good he is at dirt bike riding. The thing about Dylan was that he just got along with every one but my parents and his didn’t get along. My parents would barely ever let me go over to his house or anywhere with him. But his parents would let him go everywhere with me. Sometimes I didn’t like Dylan because he kinda’ thought he was better than everyone else. And yet sometimes he reminded me of a girl because of his mood swings. He would get a little grouchy sometimes, especially when he was mad. All in all, Dylan (long lost best buddy) moved away from his partner in crime and then found a new one! He would defiantly still be my best friend even if we fought a lot, which we didn’t. so there you have it , someone who moved.

Racism in Native Son

Introduction Native Son, set in the 1930s, tells of a twenty-year-old black male, Bigger, living in a period and place where there was rampant racism. When he starts working for a White man, things go downhill for him. He accidentally kills the daughter of his employer due to fear of being found in her bedroom by her mother. Later, he rapes and kills her girlfriend. He is eventually caught and sentenced to death.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in Native Son specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Racism in Native Son The popular media works to reinforce racism even more. Bigger watches a movie at the theatre showing the great life of wealthy White people. He is drawn to the whiteness and buys into the notion that their life is the best. In the popular media, especially film, Whites are often shown in an opulent world, while Blacks are often portrayed as savages, criminals, inferior, humble, and dangerous. These media images work to reinforce stereotypes in the minds of the people, who end up believing that this is the reality, yet these images are stereotypes. Bigger stays with his family in the South Side of Chicago. It is a congested and dirty neighborhood. The owner of the building, Mr. Dalton, does not rent houses to Black people in other locations. This causes the rent to go up due to the presence of many Black people in the area while the housing facilities are limited. He is portrayed as a hypocritical philanthropist who likes to give extorted money to charitable causes that involve Blacks. He is only doing it to assuage his guilt over oppressing the Black community. The racist environment and culture has affected Bigger so much that, when he is in the presence of the Daltons looking for work, he is intimidated by their lavish surroundings. Mrs. Dalton is blind, which is symbolic of society’s blindness to the devastating effects that racism and segregation are having on the b lack community. This is something that Marx keeps repeating in his address to the court in defense of Bigger. He argues that society and the oppressive environment led to Bigger’s actions. If society does not respond by changing the status quo, things can only continue to deteriorate. To deal with the situation, Blacks have turned to alcohol, sex, and religion to numb the pain. However, this does not help, and the rate of crimes will just keep increasing because of the oppressive conditions. Bigger and the Daltons are blind; they cannot see each other as individuals. The Daltons see Bigger as the Black community, poor people who can be exploited but are also most likely to be the recipients of charity. For Bigger, the Daltons are just part of the oppressive â€Å"whiteness.†Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Racism is further seen in the way the Blacks are limited in their opportunities to empower themselves. There are professions that the Blacks cannot enter into. There are companies they cannot work for. After college, the Black youth are frustrated by their lack of opportunities. They end up forming gangs in their free time, stealing from people and being up to no good. Due to the lack of employment and business opportunities, the Blacks keep getting poorer and poorer and instead of the Whites’ addressing the problem, they are hypocritical philanthropists. The book highlights poverty among the Blacks. One out of every four African Americans is living below the poverty line; this is double the number of Whites living below the poverty line (Bennet, pg 3). Biggie is in a gang with two other young men. They tell Bigger of a plan to rob Mr. Blum’s shop however he is highly reluctant. Bigger and his gang understand that stealing from Black people is not right. However, stealing from Whites is considered to be a whole different ma tter as it reinforces the widely held perception that Blacks are savages and criminals. Biggie, afraid of the huge repercussions, intentionally stabs Guy, one of the gang members, so that they cannot commit the robbery. Later in the story, when Bigger kills Bessie and Mary, he knows he has reinforced the society’s mentality and the portrayal in popular culture that Blacks are savages. He feels ashamed of what he has done. He actually feels that he has failed his Black community. The Blacks, due to the racist mentality in society, feel that they must prove to the world that they are not savages or dangerous. This obligation weighs heavily on them. Peggy, the housekeeper in the Dalton’s household, is a racist. Even though, with Bigger working as a chauffeur, they are both workers in the house, she feels superior because she is White. She actually tells Bigger that Mr. Dalton is always helping Bigger’s â€Å"people.† Secondly, every time she speaks of the Da lton’s household, she speaks of â€Å"us,† excluding Bigger Racism is also seen in Jan and Mary. They meet Bigger and are obsessively friendly to him in a bid to show him that they are not racist. They tell Bigger that they want to eat at a restaurant on the South Side.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in Native Son specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He is reluctant to take them to the restaurant because of the shocked reactions he will obviously get from the Blacks there. The scene shows the extent of segregation at that time. There are places that the Blacks should go and places that Whites should go. With these segregation rules in mind, which Bigger knows both Jan and Mary know, he is totally stunned by their desire to go to a restaurant in his neighborhood (Black, pg 393). At the end of the evening in the restaurant, while taking Mary to sleep in her bedroom since she is drunk, Bigger beco mes aroused and starts kissing and touching her. He is overwhelmed by the proximity of the White woman. He has never been that close to one before. This shows the extreme limited social interaction between the Whites and Blacks that existed at that time. Bigger’s knowledge of what goes on in the White man’s world comes from the popular media, through the movies and television. Blacks and Whites stick to their own social circles. Romantic relationships and intermarriage would be frowned on. In fact, they are such a foreign concept that Buckler, during the trial, says that Bigger was Jan’s accomplice in murdering Mary since Jan had promised to give him White women to sleep with. It is in these desperate environmental conditions that, when Mary’s mother comes looking for Mary, Bigger is scared to death. Even though the woman is blind, Bigger knows that if she finds out he is in Mary’s room, all hell will break loose. Filled with extreme fear, he cover s Mary with a pillow to prevent her from crying out. In the process, she is smothered to death. The fear in Bigger that causes him to commit an accidental murder shows us that, at that time, Blacks had no power. Because of the negative perception of Blacks in the White community, Mrs. Dalton will believe the worst of him and his explanations will matter. Racism is further shown in the police interrogation of the members of the household. For the first time, Bigger is able to use the negative stereotype of Blacks to his advantage. When being questioned about Mary’s murder, he behaves in the way that Blacks are expected to behave.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He acts really clumsily, shy, ignorant, and stupid. The act actually pays off until he is caught. The only person who is ever suspicious of Bigger is Buckley, and that is because he is a highly racist individual who believes the Blacks are always up to no good and that they are murderous savages. Jan, Mary’s boyfriend, is moved by Bigger’s situation with the law and the public outcry for the death penalty. Even though Bigger had wanted to frame him for the murder, Jan is willing to help and tells Marx, a defense attorney, to act on Bigger’s behalf. It is only then that Bigger starts to see White people as individuals. Previously, they were just a mass of oppressive â€Å"whiteness.† Bigger is shocked that Jan wants to help him. The racism in society had increased the hostility between the Blacks and Whites so that they rarely help each other. In fact, Bigger expects Jan to take the side of the White people against him to push for Bigger to get the death s entence. During Bigger’s court hearings and trial, his lawyer comments on the racism that has to stop and the segregation that comes with it. He points out that, even in the courthouse; the Blacks are seated on one side of the room while the Whites are seated on the other side. Mary’s death is a pivotal point in the story. It is the point where the story starts unraveling at a fast pace. For Bigger, it signifies the beginning of a metamorphosis in his perception of himself. Even though he is scared and feels guilty for killing Mary, he is feels powerful with respect to the White man. He no longer feels that they are controlling him. He later rapes his girlfriend, Betsy, and kills her while she is sleeping. At the prison, Bigger starts thinking that the deaths of these two women are so important to him. â€Å"He had done this. He had brought all this about. In all of his life these two murders were the most meaningful things that had ever happened to him† (Wright , pg 293). In jail, Bigger feels that, if he were instructed to fully explain why he had killed the two women, he could not do so. It would be like explaining his whole life. Their murders symbolize many things in his life. Bessie’s death is the end of Bigger’s escaping the police. Mary is the character that the author uses to show the repercussions of a crime between Black and White people. Bigger knew that, even if it was Mary who had reached out to him, should things go wrong, he would be the one to take the blame; society would not take it kindly. Mary’s death also makes Bigger delusional, as he believes that killing Mary is a good thing since it shows that the Blacks are tired of the White man’s oppression. When he rapes Betty, he starts thinking of the fact that White people were always raping Blacks anyway. He feels that the Whites have killed enough Blacks already. The Whites’ oppressive culture causes Bigger to become violent. His violent actions confirm the Whites’ fears. Blacks eventually become the stereotype that Whites perceive them to be. At the end of the novel, Bigger realizes that the fiercest battles are in his mind. He has to deal with his self-perception and identity as a person to be whole. By the end of the trial, even after being sentenced to death, he is a better person, as he has come to view people as individuals and is filled with a desire to help people who have experienced pain like he has. Seeing people as individuals makes him understand that he is an equal to the people around him. Conclusion The novel Native Son is a deep story that speaks of the racism in America that existed in the 1930’s. The book explores the negative influences of the popular culture that glorified the White race. Bigger is a young man who is confused with inferiority complex due to the prevailing negative societal mentality of the Whites towards Blacks. His interaction with the Daltons’ family unrav els the dangers of racism. A daughter is murdered and a young black man is hanged for the crime. As his lawyer argues, two people lose their lives unnecessarily. The society is challenged by the lawyer to change the status quo that exists and embrace equality. Works Cited Bennet, Cappers. â€Å"The Trial of Bigger Thomas: Race, Gender, and Trespass† N.Y.U. Review of Law and Social Change 31.1(2006): 1-49. Web. Black, Marc. â€Å"Fanon and Duboisian Double Consciousness.† Human Architecture, Summer (2007): 393-404. Web. Wright, Richard. Native Son. New York: Harper Publishers, 1998. Print. This essay on Racism in Native Son was written and submitted by user Gabriel Cherry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.