The Ultimate Basic Essay Outline Trick

The Ultimate Basic Essay Outline Trick The Upside to Basic Essay Outline Outlines can also function as a brainstorming tool that can provide you a notion of what things to write about. They can be useful for any paper to help you see. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Basic Essay Outline Introduction essay paragraphs are central in any bit of writing for the reason they give readers advance info about the content and the intention behind the material. The conclusion provides the last say of the paper. Besides helping you organize your thoughts, an essay outline also enables you to plan the distance of your paper. The aim of your essay is defined by the sort of paper you're writing. The Fight Against Basic Essay Outline Employing an essay outline can help you organize your thoughts from starting to end and makes certain you don't leave any essential parts from the middle! Again, the more work that you do in the outline, the less work you must do when you're writing u p the very first draft. Thus what you present and how you do it is dependent upon the outline you have structured at the very start. An outline can help you organize your principal suggestions and determine the order in which you're likely to write about them. What You Should Do to Find Out About Basic Essay Outline Before You're Left Behind Mom Blog If you're a mom who enjoys writing, then a Mom Blog might be the perfect part-time business enterprise. The conclusion Generally speaking, different families elect for the divorce option for unique explanations. Essay outline for college plays an important function. The title is the aim of the research and the outline should guide the student to attain the objective. Getting the Best Basic Essay Outline Main body Arguments ought to be expressed in detail in the primary body. Classroom is going to be kept clean during and following class. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. You may al so Speech Outline Template. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Basic Essay Outline Then, when the simple framework is down, you might find it a lot simpler to flesh things out. The draft goes together with the essay structure so the content can flow in a systematic method. There's a range of theories and approaches that have been propounded to date, to understand and locate an excellent idea about behaviour of various organizations. If you're writing a background synthesis, in some instances it could be appropriate that you offer you an interpretation of the material or have a position (thesis). Basic Essay Outline at a Glance Outlining makes it simple for the writer to create the points flow in the post. With essay outline, essays will stop writer to get off topic or jumping from 1 argument to a different argument that doesn't relate with what you're discussing. An outline for an informative essay ought to be developed while the writer is conducting his research since it will enable them to remember the most crucial points. Writing a great essay demands certain skills that is able to make your thoughts read and voice heard in an ideal way. The Nuiances of Basic Essay Outline Writing an essay outline can be as simple as you would like to make it. Writing an essay in mla format is comparable to writing any other kind of essay. Writing an outline is a rather effective method to think through how you'll organize and present the info in your essay. Before you start writing an outline for the essay, ensure you comprehend the assignment. The last paragraph of the essay stipulates the conclusion. An essay outline is a fundamental element for each and every essay. This essay outline can help you write more effectively. The 5 paragraph outline works with almost all kinds of essay writings. As you progress through school, you're going to be asked to compose essays. Find strategies to compose a simple essay and learn what kinds of essays are. Most essays, but do follow the exact same very basic. When you first begin writing essays in school, it is not uncommon to have a whole topic assigned to you. For instance, lets assume the goal of your essay is to compose an overview. Basically, the pieces of an essay proved just 3 divisions. It's crucial that you learn early on how best to compose effective essays that communicate clearly and accomplish certain objectives. After the term analytical essay is mentioned it could sound like an intricate kind of essay.

Proposed System Architecture - Modeling Of Scientific Staff Management

Question: In the report format used in CQUniversity (refer to Help section below for a link to the report guide), explain how you would complete the following modelling tasks. The report presentation including the references and appendices will be awarded 10 marks. You are to develop the report having each task clearly numbered together with your answer. You are also expected to write an introduction and conclusion for this report. In performing the following tasks, you have to strictly follow all diagramming rules used in the text for this course. In each task, please feel free to make any assumption necessary for the readers. The explanation of your assumptions can help the readers to understand what you have considered differently but as important criteria in producing your model. You are assigned a role to develop a new system based on the project case study. Draw a context diagram and a level-0 DFD for it. Draw a use case diagram by using the Level-0 DFD that you provided in Task 1. Note: Your use case diagram directly relates to the information in Level-0 diagram, but it will also relate to the same system presented as in the context diagram. Develop a domain model class diagram for the system based on the project case study.Develop an activity diagram for the scenario. Using the Activity Diagram above, produce a system sequence diagram, i.e. only include two swimlanes one for the actor (PSSM employee) and the other for the entire system as a system class object. Answer: Introduction The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a generally valuable showing vernacular in the field of programming planning, which is expected to give a standard methodology to picture the arrangement of a system. It was made and made by Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson and James Rumbaugh at Rational Software in the midst of 199495 with further headway drove by them through 1996. In 1997 it was held onto as a standard by the Object Management Group (OMG), and has been administered by this relationship starting there and into the future. In 2000 the Unified Modeling Language was also recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as a confirmed ISO standard. Starting there and into the future it has been incidentally revised to cover the latest redesign of UML. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) offers an approach to envision a framework's design outlines in a graph (see picture), including components, for example, Any exercises (occupations) Singular segments of the framework. Furthermore how they can cooperate with other programming parts. How the framework will run How substances cooperate with others (parts and interfaces) Outer client interface Despite the fact that initially proposed exclusively for article situated outline documentation, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been reached out to cover a bigger set of configuration documentation (as recorded above), and been discovered helpful in numerous connection. Displaying of any building framework assumes a pivotal part in assessing the general execution of the relating framework, as the last yield of the framework or items relies on upon the level of configuration measures emulated. By and large displaying procedures are produced as a piece of framework plan over the whole item life cycle improvement process and rest of the execution, testing and arrangement of the individual framework absolutely relies on upon the demonstrating philosophy emulated (Wandeler, 2006). To assess the demonstrating and outline strategies, a case with Professional and Scientific Staff Management (PSSM) is considered, where the center business goal of the association is to give makeshift staffing administrations. PSSM gives the staffing administrations on contract premise to numerous organizations from different divisions like Oil and Gas and the uniqueness of the association is that, it can give staffing administrations to any sort of industry, which incorporates specialized, non specialized and investigative staff parts. As detailed extensive variety of staff are constantly accessible with PSSM whom incorporate from an every day work to machine administrator, astrophysicists and geologists also. In this way in this connection, to deal with all the center business and authoritative exercises, PSSM is as of now utilizing a normal programming or framework which can be gotten to by the persons or parts like PSSM customers, representatives, contract directors and position chiefs. System architecture Existing architecture As mentioned, PSSM is currently using typical workflow management software to manage the business activities across its departments and the primary architecture followed over the system is as discussed below Client Company is the main entity that plays a significant role over the PSSM workflow management system, where the respective company determines its professional or scientific staffing requirements with the organization. A typical staffing request will be raised by the client against the existing negotiation terms with PSSM, where the request is forwarded to the contract manager of the organization Each and every contract request is tracked with a unique contract ID and now the respective contract manager enters the ID into contracting database. Based on the information fetched from database against the unique contract ID, contract manager will evaluate the required terms and conditions of the contract and tests the validity of the request If the staffing request is valid, respective professional or scientific staff are provided with the negotiated fees as per the contract, else the contract is returned to the client seeking more information from the client Once the contract is marked as valid it is forwarded to staffing request database and marked as outstanding request and then forwarded to the placement department of PSSM Based on the staffing request, now the placement department will check the database against the request, where the key attributes of the request like type of staff, experience and qualification are matched with the existing staff database When one or more records are fetched from the staff database against the staffing constraint imposed, respective staff (he or she) are marked with the status reserved. If there is no record found with the respective staffing request, a typical memo is created regarding the unavailability of staff and forwarded to the contract manager. All the pending staffing requests are forwarded to the arrangements department Employees who are temporarily available are contacted towards the pending staffing request. Once the agreement is successful with the corresponding employee or staff, respective contract is marked with the status placed Staffing request, unable to fill memo and placement fee bill are forwarded to the contract manager against the status fetched from the placement database and filed over the contract office Once the staffing request is failed completely, the corresponding status is updated to the client. Accounting is another important entity over the existing system used across PSSM, where the typical billing cycle completes within a month and the respective payments are made via a credit card or cheque or customer account. Problems with the existing system Above are the key features of the existing PSSM workflow and few potential issues are identified across the workflow and they are as listed Existing database has few constraints like only one employee can access the records at a single point of time, which raises bottleneck issues There are duplication issues with electronic and paper records and it would become difficult to manage Placement success rates are not tracked effectively and even a proper reporting structure is missing with the current system (Tegarden, 2012) Proposed system architecture Principle objective of the proposed framework is evacuate the issues with the current framework like paper and copy records and to keep up all the position records by killing the excess. In this manner in this connection another computerized data framework is obliged to track all the business, authoritative and work process administration exercises, where the obliged demonstrating and configuration perspectives are as examined in the beneath segment. Proposed system and data modeling Architecture of existing system and the corresponding issues with the system are discussed in the above section. As per the proposal of PSSM it is clear that, they are in need of much redundant system and the main aim is to automate the entire information system and streamline all the features of the existing workflow management system. Thus to model the required system, data modeling and object modeling techniques are followed and they are as discussed below Data Flow diagram Data flow diagram is used to evaluate the complete data flow of the system and the required context diagram and Level 0 diagram are as discussed below Context diagram of the proposed workflow management system of PSSM is shown in the above figure. In general context diagram is used to evaluate the key functionalities and the relation among the entities of the system. From the above figure it is clear that, there are many automated processes over the proposed system and the initial process starts with client company registration. A separate client database is maintained in this context and the corresponding clients can search and raise the request for staffing services using their computer or mobile as shown in the above figure. Respective staffing requests are tracked and accessed via the contracting database, where the validity of the request is processed as shown. Based on the validity of the request, corresponding process is initiated, where if the request is valid it is forwarded to staff database, else unavailability of the request is communicated to the client via an email as shown in the above context diagram. From the staff database corresponding staff are inquired about their availability of the contract and the corresponding job is assigned by the placement department and the respective details are maintained at the staff database and reporting database. Accounts department holds the responsibility of generating the invoice for every staff request and forwards the same to the contract manager. Overall reports of the staff requests and clients are maintained across the reporting database as shown in the above context diagram. High level and Level 0 DFD (Data Flow Diagram) is shown in the above figure and there are four important databases like contract database, client database, staff database and accounts database. Interactions among the respective database components are represented with the arrow marks, where the entire flow of data across various entities like client, contract manager, placement department and accounts department is also shown. Flow of the data among these entities is similar to the flow as explained in the context diagram, where the key database functionalities include share staff availability status, forward staff request, billing information, check staff availability and register clients. Use Case Diagram Use case diagram derived from the level 0 DFD diagram of the proposed system is as shown below Domain Model Class diagram Domain model class diagram is used to evaluate the objects required over modeling the proposed system and the corresponding functionalities, methods and communication patterns and the respective diagram is as shown below Domain model class diagram of the proposed system is as shown above and it is clear that four important domain classes are identified in this context. Client, Contract manager, Staff and TestREQValidity are the important object designed over the domain class diagram modeling and the subclasses include RequestStaff, TrackRequest and Class and the corresponding attributes and methods are also shown in the above class diagram. Activity Diagram Activity diagram is used to track and model all the possible activities of a system and the corresponding activity diagram of the proposed workflow management system of PSSM is as shown below Activity diagram of the proposed system is as shown in the above figure and it is clear that the key important activities against the entire workflow management are identified and given in the above diagram. Client Company, contract manager/contract database, staff database or placement department and account departments are the core basis of the activities of the proposed system. 1.2 System Sequence Diagram System sequence diagram is used to model the sequence of action or functionalities of any software system and the respective sequence diagram of the proposed system is as shown below System sequence diagram of the proposed workflow management system is shown in the above figure and it is clear that the sequence of actions are initiated from client and the flow continues across the entities like contract database, staff database, accounts database and reports database (Bresciani, 2004). References Dennis, A, Wixom, D, Tegarden, D (2012), Systems analysis design, UML version 2.0: an object oriented approach, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Ernesto Wandeler, (2006). System architecture evaluation using modular performance analysis: a case study. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer. 8 (6), pp.16-23 Hui Shen, (2004). Integration of business modelling methods for enterprise information system analysis and user requirements gathering. Computers in Industry. 54 (3), pp.18-22 Paolo Bresciani, (2004). Tropos: An Agent-Oriented Software Development Methodology. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. 8 (3), pp.116-123 Kay, R 2002, Quick Study: System Development Life Cycle. Weimer, D Vining, A. (2005), Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice(Fourth ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.ISBN0-13-183001-5. Ambler, S.W. (2011), Examining the Agile Manifesto. Flouris, G Lock, D (2009), Managing Aviation Projects from Concept to Completion, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Booz, Allen Hamilton (2011) , Earned Value Management Tutorial Module 2: Work Breakdown Structure, Office of Science, Tools Resources for Project Management, science.energy.gov.

LASIK Surgery Essays - Eye Surgery, LASIK, Vision, Refraction

LASIK surgery Seeing well without contact lenses and glasses is the dream of millions of Americans and modern medical science has enabled that dream to come true (Caster, 8). Since first grade, Dede Head, a 30-year-old fitness trainer in North Carolina, has worn glasses to correct sever nearsightedness and astigmatism. Over the years she became accustomed to wearing glasses and contacts, but this has limited many important aspects of her life, including sports. She then heard of a laser eye surgery that ?supposedly?, helped to correct a person's vision by means of lasers. She immediately signed up for the procedure and ever since that day, she has not worn glasses or contacts. Dede is just one of the eight hundred-fifty-thousand people who have undergone a procedure by the name of LASIK or Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis. If surgical procedures were movies, LASIK would be this years box office smash as it has received much media coverage and many praises; however, not that many people know what LASIK is, what the advantages and disadvantages are, and most importantly if LASIK is right for them (Buratto, 1). LASIK is basically a type of laser surgery which can help correct nearsightedness (myopia), which is the inability to see distant objects, farsightnedness (hyperopia), which is the inability to see close, and astigmatism, the inability to focus light waves evenly. LASIK has grown greatly in the last year, mostly because of 4 reasons; it is fast (procedure takes about 5-10 minutes), safe, painless, and the results are almost always prolific. The eye is just like a camera because it works by focusing light waves that pass through it. Light rays that enter the eye must first pass through the most outer layer of the eye called the cornea. The cornea performs 2/3 of the focusing process, the remainder of is then completed by the crystalline lens which further focuses the light on the retina. This requires extreme precision in that the focused light must fall exactly at the level of the retina (Gallo, 126). The retina is a nerve tissue that carpets the inner surface of the eye, much like wallpaper covers all aspects of a wall. The retina converts the light into electrical signals, which are transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve. Just as a camera cannot produce clear photographs of the image if the incoming light is not focused on the film, we cannot produce a clear vision if the cornea and crystalline lens do not focus the light precisely on the retina. This is where LASIK steps in. A laser is a device that creates a very special kind of light energy that is usually invisible to the human eye (Caster, 16). In LASIK, ophthalmologists use a certain type of laser called the excimer. By using invisible ultraviolet light, the excimer is able to break covalent bonds between molecules. What sets excimer aside from other lasers used in medicine is the wavelength used. At one-hundred ninety-three nm (nanometers), excimer lasers remove tissue by breaking the covalent without creating much thermal energy (Slade, 25). This allows for precise removal of tissue with minimal surrounding tissue damage. The very thin layer of the cornea that is removed, changes the curvature of the cornea ever so slightly, thus then results in a change in the light focusing ability. In nearsightedness (myopia), light rays from distant objects are not focused on the retina, but instead they are focused in front of the retina (See Figure 1). Therefore to correct nearsightedness in a LASIK procedur e, the curvature of the cornea must be decreased or in another words made flatter by removing corneal tissue in a disc-shaped pattern, or from the central cornea. A computer determines the exact pattern and number of pulses that are needed to do this. In farsightedness (hyperopia), light rays from distant objects are focused not onto the retina, but behind it (See Figure 1). To correct this, the central portion of the cornea must be made steeper; and this is accomplished by removing corneal tissue in a donut shaped pattern, or in another words more from the peripheral areas. Eyes with astigmatisms focus light waves unevenly because of the irregular shape of the cornea; football shaped

teenage smoking essays

teenage smoking essays This is a story about Stephanie. When she was 16 she had her first cigarette, in the back of her friends car. Her friend lit up a cigarette for herself and then offered Stephanie one. Stephanie knew that smoking was bad for you, but everyone else she knew had tried it. She wanted to feel like she fit in. She smoked the cigarette and thought to herself, Hey, this is pretty cool. I feel so relaxed. Two years later, Stephanie was a senior and smoking a pack a day. She found it hard to make it through her eight hour school day without having a smoke. She knew she was addicted, but liked the fact that she was part of the smoking crowd in her school. Four years later and about 450 packs of cigarettes later, Stephanie was in college, and addicted as ever. She knew she wanted to quit, but didnt think she could hack it with all the stress of college. She wished that she had never had that first cigarette when she was 16, because she wouldnt be addicted now. If there had been a la w, prohibiting teenage smoking, she never would have started. According to the National Institute of drug abuse, each day, 3,000 teens smoke their first cigarette. That is more that one million annually. Despite government attempts, teenage smoking is rising in alarming numbers. In fact, in Ohio 35 percent of high-school kids smoke. A number way above the 24 percent of adult smokers. Ohio needs a tough law to prohibit teens from smoking, so that these percentages will be smaller in upcoming years. The government needs to target teenagers, because they will become the future smokers. Instead of concentrating on addicted adults, they should be preventing young people from starting. It is hard to get adults who have been smoking for numerous years to stop. Its much easier to prevent youth from starting. In January of 1998, cigarette manufacturer, Philip Morris, admitted that the company had monitored the smoking habi...

Federal Express (Canada) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federal Express (Canada) - Case Study Example Further, FedEx which is known and trusted for its integrity, according to Birla (2005), breaks its promises of refunding the company and, therefore, this paper addresses the alternative strategies that could foster any organizations thrive. This report is based on the inconveniences experienced by ‘Desktop Innovations’ (DI) as a result of poor service provision by the Federal Express Company (FedEx). The Desktop Innovations office manager (Anita Kilgour) wrote a letter to the FedEx Company following their late delivery of one package and their failure to prompt necessary communications. In her letter, the office manager detailed the problems encountered in using the FedEx to convey packages to Simpsonville, South Carolina from Kitchener, Ontario. The letter states that of the two packages supposed to arrive at Simpsonville for a trade show, only one package was received and the other one was lost on the way. It was later discovered that the missing package had lost its shipping bill at Memphis and was sent back to Toronto. This resulted in loss of huge amounts of money amounting to $1200 on the booth Charlotte show and fee. Time was also wasted and an accumulation of up to 3 hours on phone calls by the off ice manager to FedEx office as a follow-up of the missing package. Furthermore, the FedEx Company which was trusted of its high integrity in product delivery had incredibly failed to respond to the manager’s fears and even failed to keep their promise of refunding or crediting the company as per their rules of commitment. In her later, Anita Kilgour reported the missing package and also complained of the misconduct of the FedEx Company for failing to abide by their promises, which of course had made it gain trust over other organizations. Anita tried making a number of phone calls to the office to follow up on the progress in search of the missing package but unfortunately she always

4 articles about UK politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4 articles about UK politics - Essay Example The safety of the population is put at risk as the politicians try to save the government money by keeping criminals out of jail and they try to win votes during election season, also by doing the same thing. The result of which, according to Bray, is a higher crime rate and a slap on the hand of the repeat offenders. Bray made it clear that he wanted the politicians to stop using the judicial system for their personal benefit. It was, he said, the job of the politicians to make sure that the prisons could hold the convicted so that they would be taken out of society for the benefit of the greater good. He also said that the police needed to step up and do their jobs. The statements made by Bray were contradicted by Justice Minister Jeremy Wright however. Justice Minister Wright explained that Bray made statements in error as the conviction rate for criminals has been on the rise since 2010 and the criminals were staying in prison longer than Bray indicated. He also dismissed claims of government and police interference in the sentencing of criminals. Coalition Spending Revealed: Crime Agencys  £336,573 Outlay on Mercedes Vans for Special Projects, a  £27,000 Parking Bill at Gatwick Airport and  £108,000 PR Spend Among Government Departments’ Public Accounts Oliver Wright of The Independence reports that a snapshot analysis of the government spending over the first 2 months of this year shows just how mismanaged the government finances are. Apparently, there have been a few questionable government project awarded to private contractors. Thanks to the government rules, these figures were made public because the amount of the contracts were all over the  £25,000 limit. As the report progressed, more and more disturbing disbursement of the public funds were found. These included the National Crime Agency payout to Mercedes Benz in the amount of  £336,573 for the

Angiosperm Questions

Angiosperm Questions Jump to: Answers Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The products of meiosis in plants are always which of the following? a.  spores b.  eggs c. sperm d.  seeds e.  both B and C 2. Which of the following is the correct sequence during alternation of generations in a flowering plant? a.  sporophyte-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes-fertilization-diploid zygote b.  sporophyte-mitosis-gametophyte-meiosis-sporophyte c.  haploid gametophyte-gametes-meiosis-fertilization-diploid sporophyte d.  sporophyte-spores-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes e.  haploid sporophyte-spores-fertilization-diploid gametophyte 3. Which of the following is true in plants? a.  Meiosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes. b.  Meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores. c.  The gametophyte is the dominant generation in flowering plants. d.  Plants exist continually as either sporophytes or gametophytes. e.  Male gametophytes and female gametophytes have the same structure. 4. All of the following are features of angiosperms except: a.  a triploid endosperm. b.  an ovary that becomes a fruit. c.  animal pollination. d.  a small (reduced) sporophyte. e.  double fertilization. 5. All of the following floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization except the: a.  stigma. b.  anther. c.  sepal. d.  carpel. e.  style. 6. A mutation in which of the following floral parts would have the greatest impact on pollination? a.  sepal b.  petal c.  stamen d.  carpel e.  either C or D 7. A mutation in which of the following floral parts would have the greatest potential impact on fertilization? a.  sepal b.  petal c. stamen d.  carpel e.  either C or D 8. Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower? a.  petals-sepals-stamens-carpels b.   sepals-stamens-petals-carpels c.  spores-gametes-zygote-embryo d.  sepals-petals-stamens-carpels e.  male gametophyte-female gametophyte-sepals-petals 9. All of the following are primary functions of flowers except: a. pollen production. b.  photosynthesis. c.  meiosis. d.  egg production. e.  sexual reproduction. 10. Meiosis occurs within all of the following flower parts except the: a.  ovule. b.  style. c.  megasporangium. d.  anther. e.  ovary. 11. A perfect flower is fertile, but may be either complete or incomplete. Which of the following correctly describes a perfect flower? a.  It has no sepals. b.  It has fused carpels. c.  It is on a dioecious plant. d.  It has no endosperm. e.  It has both stamens and carpels. 12. Which of the following types of plants is not able to self-pollinate? a.  dioecious b.  monoecious c.  complete d.  wind-pollinated e. insect-pollinated 13. In flowering plants, pollen is released from the: a.  anther. b.  stigma. c.  carpel. d.  filament. e.  pollen tube. 14. In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid? a.  megaspore b.  generative nucleus of a pollen grain c.  polar nuclei of the embryo sac d.  microsporocyte e.  both megaspore and polar nuclei 15. Where does meiosis occur in flowering plants? a.  megasporocyte b.  microsporocyte c.  endosperm d.  pollen tube e.  megasporocyte and microsporocyte 16. Which of the following is a correct sequence of processes that takes place when a flowering plant reproduces? a.  meiosis-fertilization-ovulation-germination b.  fertilization-meiosis-nuclear fusion-formation of embryo and endosperm c.  meiosis-pollination-nuclear fusion-formation of embryo and endosperm d.  growth of pollen tube-pollination-germination-fertilization e.  meiosis-mitosis-nuclear fusion-pollen 17. Which of these is incorrectly paired with its life-cycle generation? a.  anther-gametophyte b.  pollen-gametophyte c.  embryo sac-gametophyte d.  stamen-sporophyte e.  embryo-sporophyte 18. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a pollen sac? a.  sporangia-meiosis-two haploid cells-meiosis-two pollen grains per cell b.  pollen grain-meiosis-two generative cells-two tube cells per pollen grain c.  two haploid cells-meiosis-generative cell-tube cell-fertilization-pollen grain d.  pollen grain-mitosis-microspores-meiosis-generative cell plus tube cell e.  microsporocyte-meiosis-microspores-mitosis-two haploid cells per pollen grain 19. Which of the following occurs in an angiosperm ovule? a.  An antheridium forms from the megasporophyte. b.  A megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis. c.  The egg nucleus is usually diploid. d.  A pollen tube emerges to accept pollen after pollination. e.  The endosperm surrounds the megaspore mother cell. 20. Where and by which process are sperm produced in plants? a.  meiosis in pollen grains b. meiosis in anthers c.  mitosis in male gametophytes d.  mitosis in the micropyle e.  mitosis in the embryo sac 21. In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent? a.  ovule-egg b.  embryo sac-female gametophyte c.  endosperm-male gametophyte d.  seed-zygote e.  microspore-pollen grain 22. Which of the following is the male gametophyte of a flowering plant? a.  ovule b.  microsporocyte c.  pollen grain d.  embryo sac e.  stamen The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm. 23. Which cell(s), after fertilization, give(s) rise to the embryo plant? a.  A b.  B c.  C d.  D e.  E 24. Which cell(s) become(s) the triploid endosperm? a.  A b.  B c.  C d.  D e.  E 25. What is the relationship between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants? a.  Fertilization precedes pollination. b.  Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species. c.  Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other. d.  Pollination brings gametophytes together so that fertilization can occur. e.  If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary. 26. Genetic incompatibility does not affect the a.  attraction of a suitable insect pollinator. b.  germination of the pollen on the stigma. c.  growth of the pollen tube in the style. d.  membrane permeability of cells. e.  different individuals of the same species. 27. The integuments of an ovule function to do what? a.  protect against animal predation b.  ensure double fertilization c.  form a seed coat d.  both A and B e.  both A and C 28. A fruit includes a.  one or more seeds. b.  the ovary wall. c.  fleshy cells rich in sugars. d.  brightly colored pigments to attract animal dispersers. e.  both A and B 29. Which of the following is not an advantage of an extended gametophyte generation in plants? a.  Male gametophytes can travel more easily within spore walls. b.  The protection of female gametophytes within ovules keeps them from drying out. c.  The lack of need for swimming sperm makes life on land easier. d.  Female gametophytes develop egg cells, which are fertilized within an ovule that will become a seed. e.  Endosperm forms a protective seed coat. 30. What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms? a.  The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. b.  A triploid zygote is formed. c.  Both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed. d.  Two embryos develop in every seed. e.  The fertilized antipodal cells develop into the seed coat. 31. Which of the following statements regarding the endosperm is false? a.  Its nutrients may be absorbed by the cotyledons in the seeds of eudicots. b.  It develops from a triploid cell. c.  Its nutrients are digested by enzymes in monocot seeds following hydration. d.  It develops from the fertilized egg. e.  It is rich in nutrients, which it provides to the embryo. 32. What is the embryonic root called? a. plumule b. hypocotyl c.  epicotyl d.  radicle e.  shoot 33. Which of the following vegetables is botanically a fruit? a.  potato b.   lettuce c.  radish d.  celery e.  green beans 34. Which of these structures is unique to the seed of a monocot? a.  cotyledon b.  endosperm c.  coleoptile d.  radicle e.  seed coat 35. Fruits develop from: a.  microsporangia. b.  receptacles. c.  fertilized eggs. d.  ovaries. e.  ovules. 36. The first step in the germination of a seed is usually: a.  pollination. b.  fertilization. c.  imbibition of water. d.  hydrolysis of starch and other food reserves. e. emergence of the radicle. 37. When seeds germinate, the radicle emerges before the shoot. This allows the seedling to quickly: a.  obtain a dependable water supply. b.  mobilize stored carbohydrates. c.  protect the emerging coleoptile. d.  avoid etiolation. e.  initiate photosynthesis. 38. In plants, which of the following could be an advantage of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction? a.  genetic variation b.  mitosis c.  stable populations d.   rapid population increase e. greater longevity 39. Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located, in order for the winery to produce a Burgundy, it must use varietal grapes that originated in Burgundy, France. The most effective way for a new California grower to plant a vineyard to produce Burgundy is to: a.  plant seeds obtained from French varietal Burgundy grapes. b.  transplant varietal Burgundy plants from France. c.  root cuttings of varietal Burgundy grapes from France. d.  cross French Burgundy grapes with native American grapes. e.  graft varietal Burgundy grape scions onto native (Californian) root stocks. 40. Which of the following is not a scientific concern relating to creating genetically modified crops? a.  Herbicide resistance may spread to weedy species. b.  Insect pests may evolve resistance to toxins more rapidly. c.  Nontarget species may be affected. d.  The monetary costs of growing genetically modified plants are significantly greater than traditional breeding techniques. e.  Genetically modified plants may lead to unknown risks to human health. Angiosperm Reproduction Questions Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 2. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 3. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 4. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 5. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 6. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 7. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 8. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 9. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 10. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 11. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 12. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 13. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 14. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 15. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 16. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 17. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 18. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 19. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 20. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 21. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 22. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 23. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 24. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 25. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 26. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 27. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 28. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.2 29. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.2 30. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 31. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.2 32. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.2 33. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.2 34. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 35. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.2 36. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 37. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.2 38. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.3 39. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.3 40. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.4 E A B D C B D D B B E A A